J Orofac Orthop. 2021 Aug 19; doi: 10.1007/s00056-021-00342-x. Epub 2021 Aug 19.

Effects of fluorosed enamel on orthodontic bracket bonding : An in vitro study.

Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie

Amal Basalamah, Ahmed Maher, Ahmed Hamdy Whba, Andrea Scribante, Maria Francesca Sfondrini, Mona A Montasser

PMID: 34414482 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00342-x

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of enamel deproteinization and air abrasion on shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores, and surface topography when bonding orthodontic brackets to fluorosed enamel.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample included 90 fluorosed and 30 normal premolars divided into four groups: group I (fluorosed premolars subjected to air abrasion before acid etching), group II (fluorosed premolars subjected to deproteinization before acid etching), group III (fluorosed premolars; control for groups I and II), and group IV (normal premolars; control for group III). Bonding procedures included etching with 37% phosphoric acid, priming with Transbond

RESULTS: Fluorosed premolars subjected to deproteinization showed the lowest (median = 6.57 MPa) SBS among the four groups, followed by 8.14, 8.90, 8.14 MPa for groups I, III, and IV respectively. ARI scores were significantly different between the four groups (p = 0.006). Fluorosed enamel etched after air abrasion or deproteinization with NaOCl showed a predominance of type 4 etching pattern with some areas appearing unetched.

CONCLUSIONS: Shear bond strength of all groups was within the 6-8 MPa acceptable range for orthodontic purposes. Fluorosed premolars subjected to deproteinization showed the lowest values. Further studies are recommended to scrutinize the deproteinization technique.

© 2021. Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.

Keywords: Enamel abrasion; Enamel deproteinization; Enamel fluorosis; Shear bond strength; Surface topography

References

1. Clark MB, Slayton RL (2014) Fluoride use in caries prevention in the primary care setting. Pediatrics 134:626–633 - PubMed
2. Denbesten P, Wu L (2011) Chronic fluoride toxicity: dental fluorosisrter. Monogr Oral Sci 22:81–96 - PubMed
3. Aoba T, Fejerskov O (2002) Dental fluorosis: chemistry and biology. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 13:155–170 - PubMed
4. Bronckers ALJJ, Lyaruu DM, DenBesten PK (2009) The impact of fluoride on ameloblasts and the mechanisms of enamel fluorosis. J Dent Res 88:877–893 - PubMed
5. Dean HT (1934) Classification of mottled enamel diagnosis. J Am Dent Assoc 21:1421–1426 - PubMed
6. Thylstrup A, Fejerskov O (1978) Clinical appearance of dental fluorosis inpermanent teeth in relation to histologic changes. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 6:315–328 - PubMed
7. Horowitz HS, Driscoll WS, Meyers RJ, Heifetz SB, Kingman A (1984) A new method for assessing the prevalence of dental fluorosis—the tooth surface index of fluorosis. J Am Dent Assoc 109:37–41 - PubMed
8. Isci D, Sahin Saglam AM, Alkis H, Elekdag-Turk S, Turk T (2011) Effects of fluorosis on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a self-etching primer. Eur J Orthod 33:161–166 - PubMed
9. Bakhadher W, Talic N, Al Hezaimi K (2015) Bond strength and micro-computed tomographic evaluation of pre-coated brackets. Aust Orthod J 31:201–207 - PubMed
10. Gungor AY, Turkkahraman H, Adanir N, Alkis H (2009) Effects of fluorosis and self etching primers on shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets. Eur J Dent 3:173–177 - PubMed
11. Adanir N, Türkkahraman H, Güngör AY (2007) Effects of fluorosis and bleaching on shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets. Eur J Dent 1:230–235 - PubMed
12. Adanir N, Türkkahraman H, Yalçin Güngör A (2009) Effects of adhesion promoters on the shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets to fluorosed enamel. Eur J Orthod 31:276–280 - PubMed
13. Trakinienė G, Petravičiūtė G, Smailienė D, Narbutaitė J, Armalaitė J, Lopatienė K et al (2019) Impact of fluorosis on the tensile bond strength of metal brackets and the prevalence of enamel microcracks. Sci Rep 9:5957 - PubMed
14. Denbesten PK, Thariani H (1992) Biological mechanisms of fluorosis and level and timing of systemic exposure to fluoride with respect to fluorosis. J Dent Res 71:1238 - PubMed
15. Najafi HZ, Moshkelgosha V, Khanchemehr A, Alizade A, Mokhtar A (2015) The effect of four surface treatment methods on the shear bond strength of metallic brackets to the fluorosed enamel. J Dent (Shiraz) 16:251–259 - PubMed
16. Silva-Benítez EL, Zavala-Alonso V, Martinez-Castanon GA, Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Patiño-Marin N, Ortega-Pedrajo I et al (2013) Shear bond strength evaluation of bonded molar tubes on fluorotic molars. Angle Orthod 83:152–157 - PubMed
17. Gaur A, Maheshwari S, Verma SK, Tariq M (2016) Effects of adhesion promoter on orthodontic bonding in fluorosed teeth: a scanning electron microscopy study. J Orthod Sci 5:87–91 - PubMed
18. Grandini S, Balleri P, Ferrari M (2002) Evaluation of glyde file prep in combination with sodium hypoclorite as a root canal irrigant. J Endod 28:300–303 - PubMed
19. Ercan E, Ozekinci T, Atakul F, Gul K (2004) Antibacterial activity of 2 % chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25 % sodium hypochlorite in infected root canal: In vivo study. J Endod 30:84–87 - PubMed
20. Espinosa R, Valencia R, Uribe M, Ceja I, Saadia M (2008) Enamel deproteinization and its effect on acid etching: an in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 33:13–19 - PubMed
21. Sharma R, Verma M (2017) Deproteinization of fluorosed enamel with sodium hypochlorite enhances the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study. Contemp Clin Dent 8:20–25 - PubMed
22. Montasser MA, Taha M (2014) Effect of enamel protective agents on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Prog Orthod 15:34 - PubMed
23. Montasser MA, Drummond JL (2009) Reliability of the adhesive remnant index score system with different magnifications. Angle Orthod 79:773–776 - PubMed
24. Årtun J, Bergland S (1984) Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment. Am J Orthod 85:333–340 - PubMed
25. Gwinnett AJ (1971) Histologic changes in human enamel following treatment with acidic adhesive conditioning agents. Arch Oral Biol 16:731–738 - PubMed
26. Galil KA, Wright GZ (1979) Acid etching patterns on buccal surfaces of permanent teeth. Pediatr Dent 1:230–234 - PubMed
27. Reynolds IR (1975) A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthod 2:171–178 - PubMed
28. Al Shamsi A, Cunningham JL, Lamey PJ, Lynch E (2006) Shear bond strength and residual adhesive after orthodontic bracket debonding. Angle Orthod 76:694–699 - PubMed
29. Katona TR (1997) A comparison of the stresses developed in tension, shear peel, and torsion strength testing of direct bonded orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 112:244–251 - PubMed
30. Algera TJ, Feilzer AJ, Prahl-Andersen B, Kleverlaan CJ (2011) A comparison of finite element analysis with in vitro bond strength tests of the bracket-cement-enamel system. Eur J Orthod 33:608–612 - PubMed
31. Ahuja B, Yeluri R, Baliga S, Munshi AK (2010) Enamel deproteinization before acid etching—a scanning electron microscopic observation. J Clin Pediatr Dent 35:169–172 - PubMed
32. Harleen N, Ramakrishna Y, Munshi AK (2011) Enamel deproteinization before acid etching and its effect on the shear bond strength—an in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 36:19–23 - PubMed
33. Aras S, Küçükeçmen HC, Öaroğlu SI (2013) Deproteinization treatment on bond strengths of primary, mature and immature permanent tooth enamel. J Clin Pediatr Dent 37:275–279 - PubMed
34. Taniguchi G, Nakajima M, Hosaka K, Iwamoto N, Ikeda M, Foxton RM et al (2009) Improving the effect of NaOCl pretreatment on bonding to caries-affected dentin using self-etch adhesives. J Dent 37:769–775 - PubMed
35. Kunawarote S, Nakajima M, Shida K, Kitasako Y, Foxton RM, Tagami J (2010) Effect of dentin pretreatment with mild acidic HOCl solution on microtensile bond strength and surface pH. J Dent 38:261–268 - PubMed
36. Guentzel JL, Liang Lam K, Callan MA, Emmons SA, Dunham VL (2008) Reduction of bacteria on spinach, lettuce, and surfaces in food service areas using neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water. Food Microbiol 25:36–41 - PubMed
37. Hamama HHH (2018) Effect of smear layer deproteinization on bonding of self-etch adhesives to dentin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Restor Dent Endod 42:1–16 - PubMed
38. Suma S, Chandra Shekar BR, Anita G, Kallury A (2012) The effect of air abrasion on the retention of metallic brackets bonded to fluorosed enamel surface. Indian J Dent Res 23:230–235 - PubMed
39. Patcas R, Zinelis S, Eliades G, Eliades T (2015) Surface and interfacial analysis of sandblasted and acid-etched enamel for bonding orthodontic adhesives. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 147:S64–75 - PubMed
40. Delport A, Grobler SR (1988) A laboratory evaluation of tensile bond strength of some orthodontic bonding resins to enamel. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 93:133–137 - PubMed
41. Buyukyilmaz T, Usumez S, Karaman AL (2003) Effect of self-etching primer on bond strength—are they reliable? Angle Orthod 73:64–70 - PubMed
42. Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, De Angelis M, Scribante A, Klersy C (2003) Effect of water and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional, hydrophilic, and self-etching primers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 123:633–640 - PubMed
43. Zeppieri IL, Chung CH, Mante FK (2003) Effect of saliva on shear bond strength of an orthodontic adhesive used with moisture-insensitive and self-etching primers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 124:414–419 - PubMed
44. Britton JC, McInnes P, Weinberg R, Ledoux WR, Retief DH (1998) Shear bond strength of ceramic orthodontic brackets to enamel. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 114:243–247 - PubMed
45. Bishara SE, VonWald L, Laffoon JF, Jacobsen JR (2000) Effect of altering the type of enamel conditioner on the shear bond strength of a resin-reinforced glass ionomer adhesive. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 118:288–294 - PubMed
46. Guan G, Takano-Yamamoto T, Miyamoto M, Hattori T, Ishikawa K, Surzuki K (2000) Shear bond strengths of orthodontic plastic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 117:438–443 - PubMed
47. Mui B, Rossouw PE, Kulkarni GV (1999) Opitimization of a procedure for rebonding dislodged orthodontic brackets. Angle Orthod 69:276–281 - PubMed
48. Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Zárate-Díaz C, Kusakabe S, Yamamoto K (2010) Bond strengths of different orthodontic adhesives after enamel conditioning with the same self-etching primer. Aust Orthod J 26:84–89 - PubMed
49. Claudino D, Kuga MC, Belizário L, Pereira JR (2018) Enamel evaluation by scanning electron microscopy after debonding brackets and removal of adhesive remnants. J Clin Exp Dent 10:e248–e251 - PubMed
50. Atabek Ş, Özden AN (2019) Comparison of the effect of proanthocyanidin surface treatments on shear bond strength of different cements. Materials (Basel) 12:2676 - PubMed
51. Oztürk B, Malkoç S, Koyutürk AE, Catalbas B, Ozer F (2008) Influence of different tooth types on the bond strength of two orthodontic adhesive systems. Eur J Orthod 30:407–412 - PubMed

Publication Types

• Journal Article