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Neves DM, Kerkhoff AJ, Echeverría-Londoño S, et al. The adaptive challenge of extreme conditions shapes evolutionary diversity of plant assemblages at continental scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(37)doi: 10.1073/pnas.2021132118.
Neves, D. M., Kerkhoff, A. J., Echeverría-Londoño, S., Merow, C., Morueta-Holme, N., Peet, R. K., Sandel, B., Svenning, J. C., Wiser, S. K., & Enquist, B. J. (2021). The adaptive challenge of extreme conditions shapes evolutionary diversity of plant assemblages at continental scales. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(37), . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021132118
Neves, Danilo M, et al. "The adaptive challenge of extreme conditions shapes evolutionary diversity of plant assemblages at continental scales." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol. 118,37 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021132118
Neves DM, Kerkhoff AJ, Echeverría-Londoño S, Merow C, Morueta-Holme N, Peet RK, Sandel B, Svenning JC, Wiser SK, Enquist BJ. The adaptive challenge of extreme conditions shapes evolutionary diversity of plant assemblages at continental scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Sep 14;118(37). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2021132118. PMID: 34504011; PMCID: PMC8449343.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Sep 14;118(37). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2021132118.

The adaptive challenge of extreme conditions shapes evolutionary diversity of plant assemblages at continental scales.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Danilo M Neves, Andrew J Kerkhoff, Susy Echeverría-Londoño, Cory Merow, Naia Morueta-Holme, Robert K Peet, Brody Sandel, Jens-Christian Svenning, Susan K Wiser, Brian J Enquist

Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; [email protected].
  2. Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022.
  3. MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
  4. Eversource Energy Center, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268.
  5. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
  6. Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
  7. Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053.
  8. Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
  9. Ecosystems and Conservation Group, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand.
  10. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.
  11. The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501.

PMID: 34504011 PMCID: PMC8449343 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021132118

Abstract

The tropical conservatism hypothesis (TCH) posits that the latitudinal gradient in biological diversity arises because most extant clades of animals and plants originated when tropical environments were more widespread and because the colonization of colder and more seasonal temperate environments is limited by the phylogenetically conserved environmental tolerances of these tropical clades. Recent studies have claimed support of the TCH, indicating that temperate plant diversity stems from a few more recently derived lineages that are nested within tropical clades, with the colonization of the temperate zone being associated with key adaptations to survive colder temperatures and regular freezing. Drought, however, is an additional physiological stress that could shape diversity gradients. Here, we evaluate patterns of evolutionary diversity in plant assemblages spanning the full extent of climatic gradients in North and South America. We find that in both hemispheres, extratropical dry biomes house the lowest evolutionary diversity, while tropical moist forests and many temperate mixed forests harbor the highest. Together, our results support a more nuanced view of the TCH, with environments that are radically different from the ancestral niche of angiosperms having limited, phylogenetically clustered diversity relative to environments that show lower levels of deviation from this niche. Thus, we argue that ongoing expansion of arid environments is likely to entail higher loss of evolutionary diversity not just in the wet tropics but in many extratropical moist regions as well.

Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

Keywords: angiosperms; drought; evolutionary diversity; latitudinal diversity gradient; phylogenetic clustering

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interest.

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