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Reyes SM, Allen DL, Williams JE, et al. Pumping supplies alter the microbiome of pumped human milk: An in-home, randomized, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab273.
Reyes, S. M., Allen, D. L., Williams, J. E., McGuire, M. A., McGuire, M. K., Hay, A. G., & Rasmussen, K. M. (2021). Pumping supplies alter the microbiome of pumped human milk: An in-home, randomized, crossover trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, . https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab273
Reyes, Sarah M, et al. "Pumping supplies alter the microbiome of pumped human milk: An in-home, randomized, crossover trial." The American journal of clinical nutrition vol. (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab273
Reyes SM, Allen DL, Williams JE, McGuire MA, McGuire MK, Hay AG, Rasmussen KM. Pumping supplies alter the microbiome of pumped human milk: An in-home, randomized, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Sep 12; doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab273. Epub 2021 Sep 12. PMID: 34510180; PMCID: PMC8634608.
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Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Sep 12; doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab273. Epub 2021 Sep 12.

Pumping supplies alter the microbiome of pumped human milk: An in-home, randomized, crossover trial.

The American journal of clinical nutrition

Sarah M Reyes, Dainelle L Allen, Janet E Williams, Mark A McGuire, Michelle K McGuire, Anthony G Hay, Kathleen M Rasmussen

Affiliations

  1. Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
  2. Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
  3. Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
  4. Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

PMID: 34510180 PMCID: PMC8634608 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab273

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The human milk microbiome may contribute to the benefits of breastfeeding by providing bacteria to the infant gastrointestinal tract. Many women pump their milk, but the effect of pumping on the milk microbiome is unknown.

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to determine the effects of pumping supplies on the pumped human milk microbiome.

METHODS: This was an in-home, randomized, crossover trial of 2 collection methods. Women (n = 52) pumped twice within 3.5 h, once with their own breast pumps and milk collection supplies (OWN SUPP) and once with a hospital-grade pump and sterile collection supplies (STER SUPP). Pumping order was randomized. The milk microbiome was characterized by aerobic culturing and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.

RESULTS: Milk collected with OWN SUPP yielded more total aerobic and gram-negative bacteria than milk collected with STER SUPP, reflecting a 6.6 (adjusted OR; 95% CI: 1.7, 25; P = 0.006) higher odds of containing >104 total aerobic CFU/mL and 19 (adjusted OR; 95% CI: 4.1, 88; P < 0.0001) higher odds of yielding culturable gram-negative bacteria. Milk collected with OWN SUPP yielded more Proteobacterias , including higher relative abundances of Acinetobacter and Stenotrophomonas, compared to milk collected with STER SUPP. Results were consistent across pumping-order groups.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that pumping supplies altered the milk microbiome. On average, milk collected with OWN SUPP resulted in elevated levels of culturable total and gram-negative bacteria and proteobacterial DNA compared to milk collected with STER SUPP. More research is needed to assess implications for infant health.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

Keywords: Proteobacteria; aerobic bacteria; bacterial counts; breastmilk collection; breastmilk expression/methods; crossover study; gram-negative bacteria; microbiota

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