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Kowalska J, Rok J, Rzepka Z, et al. Drug-Induced Photosensitivity-From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021;14(8)doi: 10.3390/ph14080723.
Kowalska, J., Rok, J., Rzepka, Z., & Wrześniok, D. (2021). Drug-Induced Photosensitivity-From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 14(8), . https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14080723
Kowalska, Justyna, et al. "Drug-Induced Photosensitivity-From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms." Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 14,8 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14080723
Kowalska J, Rok J, Rzepka Z, Wrześniok D. Drug-Induced Photosensitivity-From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Jul 26;14(8). doi: 10.3390/ph14080723. PMID: 34451820; PMCID: PMC8401619.
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Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Jul 26;14(8). doi: 10.3390/ph14080723.

Drug-Induced Photosensitivity-From Light and Chemistry to Biological Reactions and Clinical Symptoms.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Justyna Kowalska, Jakub Rok, Zuzanna Rzepka, Dorota Wrześniok

Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiello?ska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.

PMID: 34451820 PMCID: PMC8401619 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080723

Abstract

Photosensitivity is one of the most common cutaneous adverse drug reactions. There are two types of drug-induced photosensitivity: photoallergy and phototoxicity. Currently, the number of photosensitization cases is constantly increasing due to excessive exposure to sunlight, the aesthetic value of a tan, and the increasing number of photosensitizing substances in food, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The risk of photosensitivity reactions relates to several hundred externally and systemically administered drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, psychotropic, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antineoplastic drugs. Photosensitivity reactions often lead to hospitalization, additional treatment, medical management, decrease in patient's comfort, and the limitations of drug usage. Mechanisms of drug-induced photosensitivity are complex and are observed at a cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Photoexcitation and photoconversion of drugs trigger multidirectional biological reactions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in melanin synthesis. These effects contribute to the appearance of the following symptoms: erythema, swelling, blisters, exudation, peeling, burning, itching, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. This article reviews in detail the chemical and biological basis of drug-induced photosensitivity. The following factors are considered: the chemical properties, the influence of individual ranges of sunlight, the presence of melanin biopolymers, and the defense mechanisms of particular types of tested cells.

Keywords: melanin; oxidative stress; photoallergy; photodegradation; phototoxicity

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