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Koopmans LVE, Barkana R, Bentum M, et al. Peering into the dark (ages) with low-frequency space interferometers: Using the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the infant universe to probe fundamental (Astro)physics. Exp Astron (Dordr). 2021;1-36doi: 10.1007/s10686-021-09743-7.
Koopmans, L. V. E., Barkana, R., Bentum, M., Bernardi, G., Boonstra, A. J., Bowman, J., Burns, J., Chen, X., Datta, A., Falcke, H., Fialkov, A., Gehlot, B., Gurvits, L., Jelić, V., Klein-Wolt, M., Lazio, J., Meerburg, D., Mellema, G., Mertens, F., Mesinger, A., Offringa, A., Pritchard, J., Semelin, B., Subrahmanyan, R., Silk, J., Trott, C., Vedantham, H., Verde, L., Zaroubi, S., & Zarka, P. (2021). Peering into the dark (ages) with low-frequency space interferometers: Using the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the infant universe to probe fundamental (Astro)physics. Experimental astronomy, 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-021-09743-7
Koopmans, Léon V E, et al. "Peering into the dark (ages) with low-frequency space interferometers: Using the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the infant universe to probe fundamental (Astro)physics." Experimental astronomy vol. (2021): 1-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-021-09743-7
Koopmans LVE, Barkana R, Bentum M, Bernardi G, Boonstra AJ, Bowman J, Burns J, Chen X, Datta A, Falcke H, Fialkov A, Gehlot B, Gurvits L, Jelić V, Klein-Wolt M, Lazio J, Meerburg D, Mellema G, Mertens F, Mesinger A, Offringa A, Pritchard J, Semelin B, Subrahmanyan R, Silk J, Trott C, Vedantham H, Verde L, Zaroubi S, Zarka P. Peering into the dark (ages) with low-frequency space interferometers: Using the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the infant universe to probe fundamental (Astro)physics. Exp Astron (Dordr). 2021 Sep 03;1-36. doi: 10.1007/s10686-021-09743-7. Epub 2021 Sep 03. PMID: 34511720; PMCID: PMC8416573.
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Exp Astron (Dordr). 2021 Sep 03;1-36. doi: 10.1007/s10686-021-09743-7. Epub 2021 Sep 03.

Peering into the dark (ages) with low-frequency space interferometers: Using the 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen from the infant universe to probe fundamental (Astro)physics.

Experimental astronomy

Léon V E Koopmans, Rennan Barkana, Mark Bentum, Gianni Bernardi, Albert-Jan Boonstra, Judd Bowman, Jack Burns, Xuelei Chen, Abhirup Datta, Heino Falcke, Anastasia Fialkov, Bharat Gehlot, Leonid Gurvits, Vibor Jelić, Marc Klein-Wolt, Joseph Lazio, Daan Meerburg, Garrelt Mellema, Florent Mertens, Andrei Mesinger, André Offringa, Jonathan Pritchard, Benoit Semelin, Ravi Subrahmanyan, Joseph Silk, Cathryn Trott, Harish Vedantham, Licia Verde, Saleem Zaroubi, Philippe Zarka

Affiliations

  1. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
  2. Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
  3. Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
  4. ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands.
  5. INAF, Bologna, Italy.
  6. SKAO-SA, Cape Town, South Africa.
  7. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA.
  8. University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA.
  9. NAOC, Beijing, China.
  10. IIT Indore, Indore, India.
  11. Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
  12. IoA, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
  13. JIVE and Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
  14. Institut Ru?er Boškovi?, Zagreb, Croatia.
  15. JPL, Caltech, Pasadena, CA USA.
  16. VSI, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
  17. Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
  18. Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France.
  19. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.
  20. Imperial College, London, UK.
  21. Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.
  22. Institut d'astrophysique de Paris, Paris, France.
  23. University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  24. Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
  25. Institute of Cosmological Sciences, Barcelona, Spain.
  26. Open University of Israel, Ra'anana, Israel.

PMID: 34511720 PMCID: PMC8416573 DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09743-7

Abstract

The Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn are largely unexplored windows on the infant Universe (z ~ 200-10). Observations of the redshifted 21-cm line of neutral hydrogen can provide valuable new insight into fundamental physics and astrophysics during these eras that no other probe can provide, and drives the design of many future ground-based instruments such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). We review progress in the field of high-redshift 21-cm Cosmology, in particular focussing on what questions can be addressed by probing the Dark Ages at z > 30. We conclude that only a space- or lunar-based radio telescope, shielded from the Earth's radio-frequency interference (RFI) signals and its ionosphere, enable the 21-cm signal from the Dark Ages to be detected. We suggest a generic mission design concept, CoDEX, that will enable this in the coming decades.

© The Author(s) 2021.

Keywords: 21-cm cosmology; Cosmic dawn; Dark ages; Epoch of reionization; Space or lunar-based radio telescopes

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