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Gona PN, Kimokoti RW, Gona CM, et al. Changes in body mass index, obesity, and overweight in Southern Africa development countries, 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. Obes Sci Pract. 2021;7(5):509-524doi: 10.1002/osp4.519.
Gona, P. N., Kimokoti, R. W., Gona, C. M., Ballout, S., Rao, S. R., Mapoma, C. C., Lo, J., & Mokdad, A. H. (2021). Changes in body mass index, obesity, and overweight in Southern Africa development countries, 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. Obesity science & practice, 7(5), 509-524. https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.519
Gona, Philimon N, et al. "Changes in body mass index, obesity, and overweight in Southern Africa development countries, 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study." Obesity science & practice vol. 7,5 (2021): 509-524. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.519
Gona PN, Kimokoti RW, Gona CM, Ballout S, Rao SR, Mapoma CC, Lo J, Mokdad AH. Changes in body mass index, obesity, and overweight in Southern Africa development countries, 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. Obes Sci Pract. 2021 May 13;7(5):509-524. doi: 10.1002/osp4.519. eCollection 2021 Oct. PMID: 34631130; PMCID: PMC8488455.
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Obes Sci Pract. 2021 May 13;7(5):509-524. doi: 10.1002/osp4.519. eCollection 2021 Oct.

Changes in body mass index, obesity, and overweight in Southern Africa development countries, 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study.

Obesity science & practice

Philimon N Gona, Ruth W Kimokoti, Clara M Gona, Suha Ballout, Sowmya R Rao, Chabila C Mapoma, Justin Lo, Ali H Mokdad

Affiliations

  1. College of Nursing & Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Boston Boston MA USA.
  2. Department of Nutrition Simmons College Boston MA USA.
  3. Department of Nursing MGH Institute for Health Professions Boston MA USA.
  4. Department of Global Health Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA.
  5. Department of Population Studies University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia.
  6. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA USA.

PMID: 34631130 PMCID: PMC8488455 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.519

Abstract

BACKGROUND: High body mass index (BMI) is associated with stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An epidemiological analysis of the prevalence of high BMI, stroke, IHD, and T2DM was conducted for 16 Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) using Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study data.

METHODS: GBD obtained data from vital registration, verbal autopsy, and ICD codes. Prevalence of high BMI (≥25 kg/m

RESULTS: Obesity in adult females increased 1.54-fold from 12.0% (uncertainty interval [UI]: 11.5-12.4) to 18.5% (17.9-19.0), whereas in adult males, obesity nearly doubled from 4.5 (4.3-4.8) to 8.8 (8.5-9.2). In children, obesity more than doubled in both sexes, and overweight increased by 27.4% in girls and by 37.4% in boys. Mean BMI increased by 0.7 from 22.4 (21.6-23.1) to 23.1 (22.3-24.0) in adult males, and by 1.0 from 23.8 (22.9-24.7) to 24.8 (23.8-25.8) in adult females. South Africa 44.7 (42.5-46.8), Swaziland 33.9 (31.7-36.0) and Lesotho 31.6 (29.8-33.5) had the highest prevalence of obesity in 2019. The corresponding prevalence in males for the three countries were 19.1 (17.5-20.7), 19.3 (17.7-20.8), and 9.2 (8.4-10.1), respectively. The DRC and Madagascar had the least prevalence of adult obesity, from 5.6 (4.8-6.4) and 7.0 (6.1-7.9), respectively in females in 2019, and in males from 4.9 (4.3-5.4) in the DRC to 3.9 (3.4-4.4) in Madagascar.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of high BMI is high in SADC. Obesity more than doubled in adults and nearly doubled in children. The 2019 mean BMI for adult females in seven countries exceeded 25 kg/m

© 2021 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by World Obesity and The Obesity Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Keywords: SADC countries; high body mass index; ischemic heart disease; mortality; overweight & obesity; prevalence; stroke; type 2 diabetes

Conflict of interest statement

All authors report no conflict of interest

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