Display options
Cite
Tubbs AS, Ghani SB, Naps M, et al. Past year use or misuse of an opioid is associated with use of a sedative-hypnotic medication: a NSDUH study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9724.
Tubbs, A. S., Ghani, S. B., Naps, M., Grandner, M. A., Stein, M. D., & Chakravorty, S. (2021). Past year use or misuse of an opioid is associated with use of a sedative-hypnotic medication: a NSDUH study. Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, . https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9724
Tubbs, Andrew S, et al. "Past year use or misuse of an opioid is associated with use of a sedative-hypnotic medication: a NSDUH study." Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine vol. (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9724
Tubbs AS, Ghani SB, Naps M, Grandner MA, Stein MD, Chakravorty S. Past year use or misuse of an opioid is associated with use of a sedative-hypnotic medication: a NSDUH study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Oct 20; doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9724. Epub 2021 Oct 20. PMID: 34666879.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

J Clin Sleep Med. 2021 Oct 20; doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9724. Epub 2021 Oct 20.

Past year use or misuse of an opioid is associated with use of a sedative-hypnotic medication: a NSDUH study.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine

Andrew S Tubbs, Sadia B Ghani, Michelle Naps, Michael A Grandner, Michael D Stein, Subhajit Chakravorty

Affiliations

  1. Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, Tucson, AZ.
  2. School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
  3. Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA.
  4. Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research Unit, Butler Hospital, Providence RI.
  5. Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
  6. Departments of Psychiatry and R&D, Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA.

PMID: 34666879 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9724

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Prescription use and misuse of opioids are linked to greater sleep disturbance. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of sedative-hypnotic medication use among persons who use opioids. Therefore, this study examined whether past year sedative-hypnotic use among persons who used/misused opioids was higher than among individuals who did not use opioids.

METHODS: Data were acquired from the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health for 2015-2018. Use of a sedative benzodiazepine (temazepam, flurazepam, triazolam) or a Z-drug (eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem) were examined in relation to use/misuse of an opioid within the past year. Logistic regression models estimated the associations between opioids and sedative-hypnotics using inverse probability of treatment weighting. A secondary machine learning analysis tested six binary classifiers to predict sedative-hypnotic use based on opioid use/misuse and other covariates.

RESULTS: Of 171,766 respondents, 24% used a prescription opioid while 3.6% misused an opioid in the past year. Among those who used a prescription opioid, 1.9% received a sedative benzodiazepine and 9% received a Z-drug during the same timeframe. Use of an opioid was associated with greater odds of sedative benzodiazepine use (OR: 4.4 [3.61, 5.4]) and Z-drug use (OR 3.8 [3.51, 4.09]), and stronger associations were noted for misuse of an opioid. Machine learning models accurately classified sedative-hypnotic medication use for over 70% of respondents based on opioid use/misuse.

CONCLUSIONS: Sedative-hypnotic use is common among persons who use opioids, which is concerning given the elevated mortality risk with concurrent use of these substances.

© 2021 American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Keywords: analgesics; and sedatives; chronic pain; hypnotics; maintenance disorders; opioid; opioid-related disorders; sleep initiation

Publication Types