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King J, Mihaila SM, Ahmed S, et al. The Influence of OAT1 Density and Functionality on Indoxyl Sulfate Transport in the Human Proximal Tubule: An Integrated Computational and In Vitro Study. Toxins (Basel). 2021;13(10)doi: 10.3390/toxins13100674.
King, J., Mihaila, S. M., Ahmed, S., Truckenmüller, R., Giselbrecht, S., Masereeuw, R., & Carlier, A. (2021). The Influence of OAT1 Density and Functionality on Indoxyl Sulfate Transport in the Human Proximal Tubule: An Integrated Computational and In Vitro Study. Toxins, 13(10), . https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13100674
King, Jasia, et al. "The Influence of OAT1 Density and Functionality on Indoxyl Sulfate Transport in the Human Proximal Tubule: An Integrated Computational and In Vitro Study." Toxins vol. 13,10 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13100674
King J, Mihaila SM, Ahmed S, Truckenmüller R, Giselbrecht S, Masereeuw R, Carlier A. The Influence of OAT1 Density and Functionality on Indoxyl Sulfate Transport in the Human Proximal Tubule: An Integrated Computational and In Vitro Study. Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 22;13(10). doi: 10.3390/toxins13100674. PMID: 34678967; PMCID: PMC8538816.
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Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 22;13(10). doi: 10.3390/toxins13100674.

The Influence of OAT1 Density and Functionality on Indoxyl Sulfate Transport in the Human Proximal Tubule: An Integrated Computational and In Vitro Study.

Toxins

Jasia King, Silvia M Mihaila, Sabbir Ahmed, Roman Truckenmüller, Stefan Giselbrecht, Rosalinde Masereeuw, Aurélie Carlier

Affiliations

  1. MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
  2. Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.

PMID: 34678967 PMCID: PMC8538816 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100674

Abstract

Research has shown that traditional dialysis is an insufficient long-term therapy for patients suffering from end-stage kidney disease due to the high retention of uremic toxins in the blood as a result of the absence of the active transport functionality of the proximal tubule (PT). The PT's function is defined by the epithelial membrane transporters, which have an integral role in toxin clearance. However, the intricate PT transporter-toxin interactions are not fully explored, and it is challenging to decouple their effects in toxin removal in vitro. Computational models are necessary to unravel and quantify the toxin-transporter interactions and develop an alternative therapy to dialysis. This includes the bioartificial kidney, where the hollow dialysis fibers are covered with kidney epithelial cells. In this integrated experimental-computational study, we developed a PT computational model that focuses on indoxyl sulfate (IS) transport by organic anionic transporter 1 (OAT1), capturing the transporter density in detail along the basolateral cell membrane as well as the activity of the transporter and the inward boundary flux. The unknown parameter values of the OAT1 density (1.15×107 transporters µm-2), IS uptake (1.75×10-5 µM-1 s-1), and dissociation (4.18×10-4 s-1) were fitted and validated with experimental LC-MS/MS time-series data of the IS concentration. The computational model was expanded to incorporate albumin conformational changes present in uremic patients. The results suggest that IS removal in the physiological model was influenced mainly by transporter density and IS dissociation rate from OAT1 and not by the initial albumin concentration. While in uremic conditions considering albumin conformational changes, the rate-limiting factors were the transporter density and IS uptake rate, which were followed closely by the albumin-binding rate and IS dissociation rate. In summary, the results of this study provide an exciting avenue to help understand the toxin-transporter complexities in the PT and make better-informed decisions on bioartificial kidney designs and the underlining transporter-related issues in uremic patients.

Keywords: albumin conformational changes; indoxyl sulfate; kinetic modeling; organic anionic transporter; uremic toxins

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