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Golshani S, Najafpour A, Hashemian SS, et al. When Much Is Too Much-Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints. Healthcare (Basel). 2021;9(10)doi: 10.3390/healthcare9101289.
Golshani, S., Najafpour, A., Hashemian, S. S., Goudarzi, N., Shahmari, F., Golshani, S., Babaei, M., Firoozabadi, K., Dürsteler, K. M., Brühl, A. B., Shakeri, J., Brand, S., & Sadeghi-Bahmani, D. (2021). When Much Is Too Much-Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 9(10), . https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101289
Golshani, Sanobar, et al. "When Much Is Too Much-Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints." Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 9,10 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101289
Golshani S, Najafpour A, Hashemian SS, Goudarzi N, Shahmari F, Golshani S, Babaei M, Firoozabadi K, Dürsteler KM, Brühl AB, Shakeri J, Brand S, Sadeghi-Bahmani D. When Much Is Too Much-Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Sep 28;9(10). doi: 10.3390/healthcare9101289. PMID: 34682969; PMCID: PMC8535876.
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Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Sep 28;9(10). doi: 10.3390/healthcare9101289.

When Much Is Too Much-Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, but Less Sleep Complaints.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

Sanobar Golshani, Ali Najafpour, Seyed Sepehr Hashemian, Nasser Goudarzi, Fatemeh Shahmari, Sanam Golshani, Masthaneh Babaei, Kimia Firoozabadi, Kenneth M Dürsteler, Annette Beatrix Brühl, Jalal Shakeri, Serge Brand, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani

Affiliations

  1. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.
  2. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.
  3. Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran 1489684511, Iran.
  4. Department of Psychiatry, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran.
  5. Department of Cardiology, AJA General Hospital, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.
  6. School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran.
  7. Psychiatric Clinics, Division of Substance Use Disorders, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
  8. Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
  9. Center for Affective-, Stress- and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
  10. Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.
  11. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran.
  12. Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland.
  13. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417466191, Iran.
  14. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

PMID: 34682969 PMCID: PMC8535876 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101289

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity has become a global somatic and mental health issue. To counterbalance, promoting regular physical activity appears plausible, above all among adults, where physical inactivity is particularly high. However, some, but sparse, research also indicates that excessive exercising might be associated with unfavorable mental health dimensions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that excessive exercising was associated with more mental health issues. To this end, we assessed mental health issues, stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances among heavy and light adult exercisers.

METHODS: A total of 200 adults (mean age: 35 years; 62% females) took part in the study. Of those, 100 were heavy exercisers (18-22 h/week), and 100 were light exercisers (1-6 h/week). Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, mental health issues, perceived stress, mental toughness, and sleep disturbances.

RESULTS: Compared with light exercisers, heavy exercisers reported higher mental health issues, more stress, but also higher mental toughness scores and less sleep disturbances. Higher age, lower mental toughness scores, heavy exerciser-status, and more sleep disturbances predicted higher mental health complaints.

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with light exercising, heavy exercising might be associated with more mental health issues. As such, it appears that the association between exercise frequency, intensity, and duration and psychological well-being might be related to an optimum point, but not to a maximum point. In a similar vein, heavily exercising athletes, their coaches, parents, and representatives of sports associations should get sensitized to possible adverse psychological effects of excessive physical activity patterns.

Keywords: general health; heavy and light exercisers; mental toughness; sleep quality; stress perception

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