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Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Oct 15;11(10). doi: 10.3390/nano11102720.

Characterization of Gold Nanorods Conjugated with Synthetic Glycopolymers Using an Analytical Approach Based on spICP-SFMS and EAF4-MALS.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

Milica Velimirovic, Alessia Pancaro, Robert Mildner, Panagiotis G Georgiou, Kristof Tirez, Inge Nelissen, Christoph Johann, Matthew I Gibson, Frank Vanhaecke

Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Atomic & Mass Spectrometry-A&MS Research Group, Campus Sterre, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
  2. Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
  3. Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
  4. Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany.
  5. Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
  6. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.

PMID: 34685161 PMCID: PMC8539460 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102720

Abstract

A new comprehensive analytical approach based on single-particle inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (spICP-SFMS) and electrical asymmetric-flow field-flow-fractionation combined with multi-angle light scattering detection (EAF4-MALS) has been examined for the characterization of galactosamine-terminated poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) in two different degrees of polymerization (DP) by tuning the feed ratio (short: DP 35; long: DP 60). spICP-SFMS provided information on the particle number concentration, size and size distribution of the GNRs, and was found to be useful as an orthogonal method for fast characterization of GNRs. Glycoconjugated GNRs were separated and characterized via EAF4-MALS in terms of their size and charge and compared to the bare GNRs. In contrast to spICP-SFMS, EAF4-MALS was also able of providing an estimate of the thickness of the glycopolymer coating on the GNRs surface.

Keywords: electrical asymmetric-flow field-flow-fractionation combined with multi-angle light scattering; gold nanorods; gold nanorods conjugated with synthetic glycopolymers; high-resolution single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

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