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Puryear W, Sawatzki K, Bogomolni A, et al. Longitudinal analysis of pinnipeds in the northwest Atlantic provides insights on endemic circulation of phocine distemper virus. Proc Biol Sci. 2021;288(1962):20211841doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1841.
Puryear, W., Sawatzki, K., Bogomolni, A., Hill, N., Foss, A., Stokholm, I., Olsen, M. T., Nielsen, O., Waltzek, T., Goldstein, T., Subramaniam, K., Rodrigues, T. C. S., Belaganahalli, M., Doughty, L., Becker, L., Stokes, A., Niemeyer, M., Tuttle, A., Romano, T., Linhares, M. B., Fauquier, D., & Runstadler, J. (2021). Longitudinal analysis of pinnipeds in the northwest Atlantic provides insights on endemic circulation of phocine distemper virus. Proceedings. Biological sciences, 288(1962), 20211841. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1841
Puryear, Wendy, et al. "Longitudinal analysis of pinnipeds in the northwest Atlantic provides insights on endemic circulation of phocine distemper virus." Proceedings. Biological sciences vol. 288,1962 (2021): 20211841. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1841
Puryear W, Sawatzki K, Bogomolni A, Hill N, Foss A, Stokholm I, Olsen MT, Nielsen O, Waltzek T, Goldstein T, Subramaniam K, Rodrigues TCS, Belaganahalli M, Doughty L, Becker L, Stokes A, Niemeyer M, Tuttle A, Romano T, Linhares MB, Fauquier D, Runstadler J. Longitudinal analysis of pinnipeds in the northwest Atlantic provides insights on endemic circulation of phocine distemper virus. Proc Biol Sci. 2021 Nov 10;288(1962):20211841. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1841. Epub 2021 Nov 10. PMID: 34753354; PMCID: PMC8580419.
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Proc Biol Sci. 2021 Nov 10;288(1962):20211841. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1841. Epub 2021 Nov 10.

Longitudinal analysis of pinnipeds in the northwest Atlantic provides insights on endemic circulation of phocine distemper virus.

Proceedings. Biological sciences

Wendy Puryear, Kaitlin Sawatzki, Andrea Bogomolni, Nichola Hill, Alexa Foss, Iben Stokholm, Morten Tange Olsen, Ole Nielsen, Thomas Waltzek, Tracey Goldstein, Kuttichantran Subramaniam, Thais Carneiro Santos Rodrigues, Manjunatha Belaganahalli, Lynda Doughty, Lisa Becker, Ashley Stokes, Misty Niemeyer, Allison Tuttle, Tracy Romano, Mainity Batista Linhares, Deborah Fauquier, Jonathan Runstadler

Affiliations

  1. Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA.
  2. Department of Marine Science, Safety and Environmental Protection, Massachusetts Maritime Academy, Buzzards Bay, MA, USA.
  3. Evolutionary Genomics Section, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
  4. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.
  5. Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
  6. Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center and Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
  7. Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries sciences University Hebbal, Bengaluru, India.
  8. Marine Mammals of Maine, Bath, ME, USA.
  9. National Marine Life Center, Buzzards Bay, MA, USA.
  10. Seacoast Science Center, Rye, NH, USA.
  11. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth Port, MA, USA.
  12. Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT, USA.
  13. School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
  14. Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.

PMID: 34753354 PMCID: PMC8580419 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1841

Abstract

Phocine distemper virus (PDV) is a morbillivirus that circulates within pinnipeds in the North Atlantic. PDV has caused two known unusual mortality events (UMEs) in western Europe (1988, 2002), and two UMEs in the northwest Atlantic (2006, 2018). Infrequent cross-species transmission and waning immunity are believed to contribute to periodic outbreaks with high mortality in western Europe. The viral ecology of PDV in the northwest Atlantic is less well defined and outbreaks have exhibited lower mortality than those in western Europe. This study sought to understand the molecular and ecological processes underlying PDV infection in eastern North America. We provide phylogenetic evidence that PDV was introduced into northwest Atlantic pinnipeds by a single lineage and is now endemic in local populations. Serological and viral screening of pinniped surveillance samples from 2006 onward suggest there is continued circulation of PDV outside of UMEs among multiple species with and without clinical signs. We report six full genome sequences and nine partial sequences derived from harbour and grey seals in the northwest Atlantic from 2011 through 2018, including a possible regional variant. Work presented here provides a framework towards greater understanding of how recovering populations and shifting species may impact disease transmission.

Keywords: morbillivirus; seal; unusual mortality event; viral genetics; virology; wildlife disease

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