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PLoS One. 2021 Nov 01;16(11):e0259008. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259008. eCollection 2021.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of N-oxide derivatives with potent in vivo antileishmanial activity.

PloS one

Leandro da Costa Clementino, Guilherme Felipe Santos Fernandes, Igor Muccilo Prokopczyk, Wilquer Castro Laurindo, Danyelle Toyama, Bruno Pereira Motta, Amanda Martins Baviera, Flávio Henrique-Silva, Jean Leandro Dos Santos, Marcia A S Graminha

Affiliations

  1. São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
  2. São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil.
  3. Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.

PMID: 34723989 PMCID: PMC8559926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259008

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects 12 million people living mainly in developing countries. Herein, 24 new N-oxide-containing compounds were synthesized followed by in vitro and in vivo evaluation of their antileishmanial activity. Compound 4f, a furoxan derivative, was particularly remarkable in this regard, with EC50 value of 3.6 μM against L. infantum amastigote forms and CC50 value superior to 500 μM against murine peritoneal macrophages. In vitro studies suggested that 4f may act by a dual effect, by releasing nitric oxide after biotransformation and by inhibiting cysteine protease CPB (IC50: 4.5 μM). In vivo studies using an acute model of infection showed that compound 4f at 7.7 mg/Kg reduced ~90% of parasite burden in the liver and spleen of L. infantum-infected BALB/c mice. Altogether, these outcomes highlight furoxan 4f as a promising compound for further evaluation as an antileishmanial agent.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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