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PLoS Pathog. 2021 Nov 18;17(11):e1010074. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010074. eCollection 2021 Nov.

Yersinia remodels epigenetic histone modifications in human macrophages.

PLoS pathogens

Indra Bekere, Jiabin Huang, Marie Schnapp, Maren Rudolph, Laura Berneking, Klaus Ruckdeschel, Adam Grundhoff, Thomas Günther, Nicole Fischer, Martin Aepfelbacher

Affiliations

  1. Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
  2. Heinrich-Pette-Institute (HPI), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Research Group Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany.

PMID: 34793580 PMCID: PMC8639070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010074

Abstract

Various pathogens systematically reprogram gene expression in macrophages, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We investigated whether the enteropathogen Yersinia enterocolitica alters chromatin states to reprogram gene expression in primary human macrophages. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) seq analyses showed that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induced up- or down-regulation of histone modifications (HMod) at approximately 14500 loci in promoters and enhancers. Effectors of Y. enterocolitica reorganized about half of these dynamic HMod, with the effector YopP being responsible for about half of these modulatory activities. The reorganized HMod were associated with genes involved in immune response and metabolism. Remarkably, the altered HMod also associated with 61% of all 534 known Rho GTPase pathway genes, revealing a new level in Rho GTPase regulation and a new aspect of bacterial pathogenicity. Changes in HMod were associated to varying degrees with corresponding gene expression, e. g. depending on chromatin localization and cooperation of the HMod. In summary, infection with Y. enterocolitica remodels HMod in human macrophages to modulate key gene expression programs of the innate immune response.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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