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Wong QYA, Chew FT. Defining skin aging and its risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):22075doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01573-z.
Wong, Q. Y. A., & Chew, F. T. (2021). Defining skin aging and its risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific reports, 11(1), 22075. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01573-z
Wong, Qi Yi Ambrose, and Chew, Fook Tim. "Defining skin aging and its risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Scientific reports vol. 11,1 (2021): 22075. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01573-z
Wong QYA, Chew FT. Defining skin aging and its risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 11;11(1):22075. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01573-z. PMID: 34764376; PMCID: PMC8586245.
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Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 11;11(1):22075. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01573-z.

Defining skin aging and its risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Scientific reports

Qi Yi Ambrose Wong, Fook Tim Chew

Affiliations

  1. Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
  2. Allergy and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Lee Hiok Kwee Functional Genomics Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Block S2, Level 5, 14 Science Drive 4, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. [email protected].

PMID: 34764376 PMCID: PMC8586245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01573-z

Abstract

Skin aging has been defined to encompass both intrinsic and extrinsic aging, with extrinsic aging effected by environmental influences and overlaying the effects of chronological aging. The risk factors of skin aging have been studied previously, using methods of quantifying skin aging. However, these studies have yet to be reviewed. To better understand skin aging risk factors and collate the available data, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. We conducted our systematic review in compliance with Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched in October 2020 using specific search strategies. Where odds ratios were reported, meta-analyses were conducted using the random effects model. Otherwise, significant factors were reported in this review. We identified seven notable risk factors for various skin aging phenotypes: age, gender, ethnicity, air pollution, nutrition, smoking, sun exposure. This review's results will guide future works, such as those aiming to examine the interaction between genetic and environmental influences.

© 2021. The Author(s).

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