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Cui CK, Lewis SJG. Future Therapeutic Strategies for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021;15:741918doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.741918.
Cui, C. K., & Lewis, S. J. G. (2021). Future Therapeutic Strategies for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 15741918. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.741918
Cui, Cathy K, and Lewis, Simon J G. "Future Therapeutic Strategies for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease." Frontiers in human neuroscience vol. 15 (2021): 741918. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.741918
Cui CK, Lewis SJG. Future Therapeutic Strategies for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Nov 02;15:741918. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.741918. eCollection 2021. PMID: 34795568; PMCID: PMC8592896.
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Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Nov 02;15:741918. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.741918. eCollection 2021.

Future Therapeutic Strategies for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.

Frontiers in human neuroscience

Cathy K Cui, Simon J G Lewis

Affiliations

  1. ForeFront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.

PMID: 34795568 PMCID: PMC8592896 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.741918

Abstract

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and challenging clinical symptom in Parkinson's disease. In this review, we summarise the recent insights into freezing of gait and highlight the strategies that should be considered to improve future treatment. There is a need to develop individualised and on-demand therapies, through improved detection and wearable technologies. Whilst there already exist a number of pharmacological (e.g., dopaminergic and beyond dopamine), non-pharmacological (physiotherapy and cueing, cognitive training, and non-invasive brain stimulation) and surgical approaches to freezing (i.e., dual-site deep brain stimulation, closed-loop programming), an integrated collaborative approach to future research in this complex area will be necessary to systematically investigate new therapeutic avenues. A review of the literature suggests standardising how gait freezing is measured, enriching patient cohorts for preventative studies, and harnessing the power of existing data, could help lead to more effective treatments for freezing of gait and offer relief to many patients.

Copyright © 2021 Cui and Lewis.

Keywords: deep brain stimulation; dopamine agents; gait disorders; humans; non-invasive stimulation; physical therapy; problem solving; repurposing

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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