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Peng L, Morford KL, Levander XA. Benzodiazepines and Related Sedatives. Med Clin North Am. 2022;106(1):113-129doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012.
Peng, L., Morford, K. L., & Levander, X. A. (2022). Benzodiazepines and Related Sedatives. The Medical clinics of North America, 106(1), 113-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012
Peng, Linda, et al. "Benzodiazepines and Related Sedatives." The Medical clinics of North America vol. 106,1 (2022): 113-129. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012
Peng L, Morford KL, Levander XA. Benzodiazepines and Related Sedatives. Med Clin North Am. 2022 Jan;106(1):113-129. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012. PMID: 34823725.
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Med Clin North Am. 2022 Jan;106(1):113-129. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012.

Benzodiazepines and Related Sedatives.

The Medical clinics of North America

Linda Peng, Kenneth L Morford, Ximena A Levander

Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Addiction Medicine Section, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L475, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 367 Cedar Street, ES Harkness A, Room 417A, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
  3. Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Addiction Medicine Section, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L475, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/XimenaLevander.

PMID: 34823725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012

Abstract

Benzodiazepine and related sedative use has been increasing. There has been a growing number of unregulated novel psychoactive substances, including designer benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines have neurobiological and pharmacologic properties that result in a high potential for misuse and physical dependence. Options for discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine use include an outpatient benzodiazepine taper or inpatient withdrawal management at a hospital or detoxification facility. The quality of evidence on medications for benzodiazepine discontinuation is overall low, whereas cognitive behavioral therapy has shown the most benefit in terms of behavioral treatments. Benzodiazepines may also have significant adverse effects, increasing the risk of overdose and death.

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Benzodiazepines; Designer drugs; Drug tapering; Hypnotics and sedatives; Substance withdrawal syndrome; Substance-related disorders

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