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J Extracell Vesicles. 2021 Dec;10(14):e12166. doi: 10.1002/jev2.12166.

Secretion of pro-angiogenic extracellular vesicles during hypoxia is dependent on the autophagy-related protein GABARAPL1.

Journal of extracellular vesicles

Tom G Keulers, Sten F Libregts, Joel E J Beaumont, Kim G Savelkouls, Johan Bussink, Hans Duimel, Ludwig Dubois, Marijke I Zonneveld, Carmen López-Iglesias, Karel Bezstarosti, Jeroen A Demmers, Marc Vooijs, Marca Wauben, Kasper M A Rouschop

Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology Radiation Oncology (Maastro) / GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, Netherlands.
  2. Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
  4. Microscopy CORE Lab, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, FHML Division of Nanoscopy, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands.
  5. The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School of Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
  6. Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

PMID: 34859607 PMCID: PMC8640512 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12166

Abstract

Tumour hypoxia is a hallmark of solid tumours and contributes to tumour progression, metastasis development and therapy resistance. In response to hypoxia, tumour cells secrete pro-angiogenic factors to induce blood vessel formation and restore oxygen supply to hypoxic regions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as mediators of intercellular communication in the tumour microenvironment. Here we demonstrate that increased expression of the LC3/GABARAP protein family member GABARAPL1, is required for endosomal maturation, sorting of cargo to endosomes and the secretion of EVs. Silencing GABARAPL1 results in a block in the early endosomal pathway and impaired secretion of EVs with pro-angiogenic properties. Tumour xenografts of doxycycline inducible GABARAPL1 knockdown cells display impaired vascularisation that results in decreased tumour growth, elevated tumour necrosis and increased therapy efficacy. Moreover, our data show that GABARAPL1 is expressed on the EV surface and targeting GABARAPL1

© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.

Keywords: GABARAPL1; autophagy; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; hypoxia

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