Display options
Share it on

Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Nov 15;11(11):5625-5643. eCollection 2021.

Dual anticancer role of metformin: an old drug regulating AMPK dependent/independent pathways in metabolic, oncogenic/tumorsuppresing and immunity context.

American journal of cancer research

Maja S Misirkic Marjanovic, Ljubica M Vucicevic, Ana R Despotovic, Marina M Stamenkovic, Kristina D Janjetovic

Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade Serbia.
  2. Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade Serbia.

PMID: 34873484 PMCID: PMC8640802

Abstract

Metformin has been known to treat type 2 diabetes for decades and is widely prescribed antidiabetic drug. Recently, its anticancer potential has also been discovered. Moreover, metformin has low cost thus it has attained profound research interest. Comprehensing the complexity of the molecular regulatory networks in cancer provides a mode for advancement of research in cancer development and treatment. Metformin targets many pathways that play an important role in cancer cell survival outcome. Here, we described anticancer activity of metformin on the AMPK dependent/independent mechanisms regulating metabolism, oncogene/tumor suppressor signaling pathways together with the issue of clinical studies. We also provided brief overwiev about recently described metformin's role in cancer immunity. Insight in these complex molecular networks, will simplify application of metformin in clinical trials and contribute to improvement of anti-cancer therapy.

AJCR Copyright © 2021.

Keywords: AMPK; Metformin; cancer; immunity; metabolism; oncogenes; tumor suppressors

Conflict of interest statement

None.

References

  1. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2012 Nov;1(11):811-24 - PubMed
  2. Oncotarget. 2017 Apr 18;8(16):27199-27215 - PubMed
  3. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2020 Nov;41(11):1403-1409 - PubMed
  4. Nat Rev Urol. 2017 Mar;14(3):164-180 - PubMed
  5. Nat Commun. 2012 May 29;3:865 - PubMed
  6. Int J Oncol. 2019 Apr;54(4):1271-1281 - PubMed
  7. Cell Metab. 2013 Jan 8;17(1):113-24 - PubMed
  8. Free Radic Res. 2018 Aug;52(8):872-886 - PubMed
  9. Oncotarget. 2017 May 11;8(34):56546-56557 - PubMed
  10. Oncogene. 2008 Jun 5;27(25):3576-86 - PubMed
  11. J Hematol Oncol. 2020 Aug 17;13(1):113 - PubMed
  12. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019 Apr 5;848:62-69 - PubMed
  13. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012 Aug;38(8):1077-85 - PubMed
  14. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2070 - PubMed
  15. Oncogene. 2011 Mar 10;30(10):1174-82 - PubMed
  16. Oncogene. 2013 Mar 21;32(12):1475-87 - PubMed
  17. Biol Pharm Bull. 2019;42(12):2002-2008 - PubMed
  18. Am J Cancer Res. 2020 Sep 01;10(9):2851-2864 - PubMed
  19. Cell Death Dis. 2014 Feb 27;5:e1088 - PubMed
  20. Cancer Cell. 2013 Mar 18;23(3):263-4 - PubMed
  21. Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 26;9(1):2815 - PubMed
  22. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Aug 13;321(1):161-7 - PubMed
  23. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2018 Mar 20;37(1):63 - PubMed
  24. BMB Rep. 2020 Nov;53(10):512-520 - PubMed
  25. J Cancer. 2020 Mar 31;11(13):3701-3712 - PubMed
  26. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 11;22(10): - PubMed
  27. Oncotarget. 2017 May 16;8(20):33972-33989 - PubMed
  28. Cell Res. 2014 Jan;24(1):42-57 - PubMed
  29. Cell Cycle. 2013 Nov 15;12(22):3490-9 - PubMed
  30. Cancer Cell Int. 2014 Jun 16;14:53 - PubMed
  31. J Clin Invest. 2001 Oct;108(8):1167-74 - PubMed
  32. J Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Dec;141(4):146-152 - PubMed
  33. Scand J Immunol. 2021 Feb;93(2):e12970 - PubMed
  34. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Feb;15(2):899-907 - PubMed
  35. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Sep 1;271(2):229-38 - PubMed
  36. Onco Targets Ther. 2016 May 12;9:2845-53 - PubMed
  37. Cancer Manag Res. 2020 Jul 14;12:5803-5811 - PubMed
  38. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Apr;212(4):479.e1-479.e10 - PubMed
  39. Nat Chem Biol. 2011 Jul 18;7(8):512-8 - PubMed
  40. Cancer Cell. 2013 Feb 11;23(2):143-58 - PubMed
  41. Trends Immunol. 2019 Feb;40(2):142-158 - PubMed
  42. Oncogene. 2007 Dec 13;26(57):7825-32 - PubMed
  43. Semin Cancer Biol. 2018 Jun;50:65-76 - PubMed
  44. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 17;8(3):5619-5628 - PubMed
  45. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021 Feb 24;13(7):8026-8041 - PubMed
  46. Cell Discov. 2018 Jul 3;4:37 - PubMed
  47. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Jan 4;430(1):352-7 - PubMed
  48. Oncotarget. 2018 May 25;9(40):25808-25825 - PubMed
  49. Cancer Res. 2011 May 1;71(9):3196-201 - PubMed
  50. Gynecol Oncol. 2008 Aug;110(2):246-50 - PubMed
  51. J Cell Biochem. 2019 Feb 21;: - PubMed
  52. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul). 2019 May 14;23(4):302-309 - PubMed
  53. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014 Nov;5(6):245-68 - PubMed
  54. Front Oncol. 2020 Sep 10;10:1605 - PubMed
  55. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Sep 08;12(9): - PubMed
  56. Cell Commun Signal. 2020 Jul 23;18(1):115 - PubMed
  57. Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Jan;34(2):148-57 - PubMed
  58. BMJ. 2005 Jun 4;330(7503):1304-5 - PubMed
  59. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 21;10(7):e0133349 - PubMed
  60. Oncogenesis. 2015 Jun 15;4:e158 - PubMed
  61. Carcinogenesis. 2019 Jul 4;40(5):669-679 - PubMed
  62. Life Sci. 2015 Jan 15;121:78-87 - PubMed
  63. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Oct 15;668(3):373-82 - PubMed
  64. J Nanobiotechnology. 2021 Feb 25;19(1):58 - PubMed
  65. Neoplasia. 2017 May;19(5):385-395 - PubMed
  66. Cancer Res. 2011 Jul 1;71(13):4366-72 - PubMed
  67. Diabetes Care. 2006 Feb;29(2):254-8 - PubMed
  68. Cancer Cell. 2013 Mar 18;23(3):302-15 - PubMed
  69. Life Sci. 2017 Sep 15;185:53-62 - PubMed
  70. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 21;18(2): - PubMed
  71. Gene. 2020 Jun 30;745:144623 - PubMed
  72. Mol Cells. 2013 Oct;36(4):279-87 - PubMed
  73. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:4629495 - PubMed
  74. Cancer Res. 2006 Nov 1;66(21):10269-73 - PubMed
  75. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011 Feb;11(2):85-95 - PubMed
  76. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(15):2607-18 - PubMed
  77. Autophagy. 2010 Jul;6(5):670-1 - PubMed
  78. Biochem J. 2015 Nov 1;471(3):307-22 - PubMed
  79. Cell Metab. 2010 May 5;11(5):390-401 - PubMed
  80. Pharmacol Res. 2015 Nov;101:102-8 - PubMed
  81. EBioMedicine. 2017 Nov;25:154-164 - PubMed
  82. Oncol Lett. 2019 Mar;17(3):2695-2702 - PubMed
  83. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007 Oct;7(10):763-77 - PubMed
  84. Cell Death Dis. 2011 Sep 01;2:e199 - PubMed
  85. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 May;9(5):1092-9 - PubMed
  86. J Ovarian Res. 2012 Jul 10;5(1):19 - PubMed
  87. Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Jul 15;26(14):3707-3719 - PubMed
  88. Cell Death Dis. 2012 Mar 01;3:e275 - PubMed
  89. Cancer Metab. 2014 Aug 28;2:12 - PubMed
  90. Cancer Sci. 2016 Dec;107(12):1806-1817 - PubMed
  91. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2019 Jul;112:88-94 - PubMed
  92. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2008 Sep;15(3):833-9 - PubMed
  93. Cancer Res. 2007 Jul 15;67(14):6745-52 - PubMed
  94. Life Sci. 2018 Aug 15;207:172-183 - PubMed
  95. Int J Biol Sci. 2019 Jan 1;15(3):617-627 - PubMed
  96. Int J Cancer. 2016 May 1;138(9):2281-92 - PubMed
  97. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jul 22;111(29):10574-9 - PubMed
  98. Int J Biol Sci. 2020 Jan 1;16(1):74-84 - PubMed
  99. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011 Jan 25;651(1-3):41-50 - PubMed
  100. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 25;21(23): - PubMed
  101. Biomaterials. 2021 Mar;270:120678 - PubMed
  102. Cancer Manag Res. 2019 Jan 11;11:681-689 - PubMed
  103. Cancer Biol Ther. 2015;16(1):77-87 - PubMed
  104. Sci Rep. 2019 Jan 11;9(1):66 - PubMed
  105. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 May;64(10):1290-302 - PubMed
  106. Biochem J. 2015 Jul 15;469(2):177-87 - PubMed
  107. Pathog Dis. 2016 Aug;74(6): - PubMed
  108. Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 22;7(1):15992 - PubMed
  109. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2021 Mar;35(3):e22662 - PubMed

Publication Types