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Taytard J, Gand C, Niérat MC, et al. Impact of inspiratory threshold loading on brain activity and cognitive performances in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021;doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00994.2020.
Taytard, J., Gand, C., Niérat, M. C., Barthes, R., Lavault, S., Adler, D., Morélot Panzini, C., Gatignol, P., Campion, S., Serresse, L., Wattiez, N., Straus, C., & Similowski, T. (2021). Impact of inspiratory threshold loading on brain activity and cognitive performances in healthy humans. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), . https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00994.2020
Taytard, Jessica, et al. "Impact of inspiratory threshold loading on brain activity and cognitive performances in healthy humans." Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) vol. (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00994.2020
Taytard J, Gand C, Niérat MC, Barthes R, Lavault S, Adler D, Morélot Panzini C, Gatignol P, Campion S, Serresse L, Wattiez N, Straus C, Similowski T. Impact of inspiratory threshold loading on brain activity and cognitive performances in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Nov 24; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00994.2020. Epub 2021 Nov 24. PMID: 34818073.
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J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 Nov 24; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00994.2020. Epub 2021 Nov 24.

Impact of inspiratory threshold loading on brain activity and cognitive performances in healthy humans.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

Jessica Taytard, Camille Gand, Marie-Cécile Niérat, Romain Barthes, Sophie Lavault, Dan Adler, Capucine Morélot Panzini, Peggy Gatignol, Sebastien Campion, Laure Serresse, Nicolas Wattiez, Christian Straus, Thomas Similowski

Affiliations

  1. Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France.
  2. AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Armand-Trousseau, Service de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, F-75012 Paris, France.
  3. AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Pneumologie, Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), Paris, France.
  4. Division of Pulmonary Disease, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  5. Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
  6. AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service d'ORL et d'oto-neurochirurgie, Paris, France.
  7. AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Paris, France.
  8. AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Mobile de Soins Palliatifs, Paris, France.
  9. AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié31 Salpêtrière, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée (Département R3S), Paris, France.

PMID: 34818073 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00994.2020

Abstract

In healthy humans, inspiratory threshold loading deteriorates cognitive performances. This can result from motor-cognitive interference (activation of motor respiratory-related cortical networks vs. executive resources allocation), sensory-cognitive interference (dyspnea vs. shift in attentional focus), or both. We hypothesized that inspiratory loading would concomitantly induce dyspnea, activate motor respiratory-related cortical networks, and deteriorate cognitive performance. We reasoned that a concomitant activation of cortical networks and cognitive deterioration would be compatible with motor-cognitive interference, particularly in case of a predominant alteration of executive cognitive performances. Symmetrically, we reasoned that a predominant alteration of attention-depending performances would suggest sensory-cognitive interference. Twenty-five volunteers (12 men; 19.5-51.5 years) performed the Paced Auditory Serial Addition test (PASAT-A and B; calculation capacity, working memory, attention), the Trail Making Test (TMT-A, visuospatial exploration capacity; TMT-B, visuospatial exploration capacity and attention), and the Corsi block-tapping test (visuospatial memory, short-term and working memory) during unloaded breathing and inspiratory threshold loading in random order. Loading consistently induced dyspnea and respiratory-related brain activation. It was associated with deteriorations inPASAT A (52 [45.5;55.5] (median [interquartile range]) to 48 [41;54.5], p=0.01), PASAT B (55 [47.5;58] to 51 [44.5;57.5], p=0.01), and TMT B (44s [36;54.5] to 53s [42;64], p=0.01), but did not affect TMT-A and Corsi. The concomitance of cortical activation and cognitive performance deterioration is compatible with competition for cortical resources (motor-cognitive interference), while the profile of cognitive impairment (PASAT and TMT-B but not TMT-A and Corsi) is compatible with a contribution of attentional distraction (sensory-cognitive interference). Both mechanisms are therefore likely at play.

Keywords: Cognitive performance; control of breathing; dyspnoea; electroencephalogram; inspiratory loading

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