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Gan LL, Gong S, Kissane DW. Mental state of demoralisation across diverse clinical settings: A systematic review, meta-analysis and proposal for its use as a 'specifier' in mental illness. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2021;48674211060746doi: 10.1177/00048674211060746.
Gan, L. L., Gong, S., & Kissane, D. W. (2021). Mental state of demoralisation across diverse clinical settings: A systematic review, meta-analysis and proposal for its use as a 'specifier' in mental illness. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 48674211060746. https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674211060746
Gan, Lucy L, et al. "Mental state of demoralisation across diverse clinical settings: A systematic review, meta-analysis and proposal for its use as a 'specifier' in mental illness." The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry vol. (2021): 48674211060746. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674211060746
Gan LL, Gong S, Kissane DW. Mental state of demoralisation across diverse clinical settings: A systematic review, meta-analysis and proposal for its use as a 'specifier' in mental illness. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 08;48674211060746. doi: 10.1177/00048674211060746. Epub 2021 Dec 08. PMID: 34879712.
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Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 08;48674211060746. doi: 10.1177/00048674211060746. Epub 2021 Dec 08.

Mental state of demoralisation across diverse clinical settings: A systematic review, meta-analysis and proposal for its use as a 'specifier' in mental illness.

The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry

Lucy L Gan, Susanna Gong, David W Kissane

Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
  2. Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
  3. Department of Psychiatry, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
  4. School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia and Cunningham Centre for Palliative Medicine Research, St Vincent's Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
  5. Cabrini Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.

PMID: 34879712 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211060746

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Demoralisation is a state of poor coping characterised by low morale, hopelessness, subjective incompetence, and loss of meaning and purpose in life. While studied extensively in oncology and palliative care, there has been recent exploration in broader medical and mental health settings. The aim was to investigate the prevalence of demoralisation and associated sociodemographic and psychological factors across these clinical settings.

METHOD: Six electronic databases were used to locate articles from January 2014 to March 2020. A pre-publication update of non-oncology populations was completed in September 2021. The review has been reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Pooled prevalence of demoralisation was determined through % prevalence and mean demoralisation score; this was synthesised through meta-analysis of single means to determine pooled mean prevalence of Demoralisation Scale scores using the 'R' statistical software.

RESULTS: Demoralisation has been examined in 52 studies (

CONCLUSION: There remains a need to recognise demoralisation in various clinical and cultural settings and to strongly consider its inclusion as a 'specifier' within formal nosological systems for adjustment and depressive disorders. This is important to initiate targeted interventions and prevent significant morbidity.

Keywords: Demoralisation; chronic illness; hopelessness; loss of meaning; subjective incompetence

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