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Sallevelt BTGM, Huibers CJA, Heij JMJO, et al. Frequency and Acceptance of Clinical Decision Support System-Generated STOPP/START Signals for Hospitalised Older Patients with Polypharmacy and Multimorbidity. Drugs Aging. 2021;doi: 10.1007/s40266-021-00904-z.
Sallevelt, B. T. G. M., Huibers, C. J. A., Heij, J. M. J. O., Egberts, T. C. G., van Puijenbroek, E. P., Shen, Z., Spruit, M. R., Jungo, K. T., Rodondi, N., Dalleur, O., Spinewine, A., Jennings, E., O'Mahony, D., Wilting, I., & Knol, W. (2021). Frequency and Acceptance of Clinical Decision Support System-Generated STOPP/START Signals for Hospitalised Older Patients with Polypharmacy and Multimorbidity. Drugs & aging, . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-021-00904-z
Sallevelt, Bastiaan T G M, et al. "Frequency and Acceptance of Clinical Decision Support System-Generated STOPP/START Signals for Hospitalised Older Patients with Polypharmacy and Multimorbidity." Drugs & aging vol. (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-021-00904-z
Sallevelt BTGM, Huibers CJA, Heij JMJO, Egberts TCG, van Puijenbroek EP, Shen Z, Spruit MR, Jungo KT, Rodondi N, Dalleur O, Spinewine A, Jennings E, O'Mahony D, Wilting I, Knol W. Frequency and Acceptance of Clinical Decision Support System-Generated STOPP/START Signals for Hospitalised Older Patients with Polypharmacy and Multimorbidity. Drugs Aging. 2021 Dec 08; doi: 10.1007/s40266-021-00904-z. Epub 2021 Dec 08. PMID: 34877629.
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Drugs Aging. 2021 Dec 08; doi: 10.1007/s40266-021-00904-z. Epub 2021 Dec 08.

Frequency and Acceptance of Clinical Decision Support System-Generated STOPP/START Signals for Hospitalised Older Patients with Polypharmacy and Multimorbidity.

Drugs & aging

Bastiaan T G M Sallevelt, Corlina J A Huibers, Jody M J Op Heij, Toine C G Egberts, Eugène P van Puijenbroek, Zhengru Shen, Marco R Spruit, Katharina Tabea Jungo, Nicolas Rodondi, Olivia Dalleur, Anne Spinewine, Emma Jennings, Denis O'Mahony, Ingeborg Wilting, Wilma Knol

Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [email protected].
  2. Department of Geriatric Medicine and Expertise Centre Pharmacotherapy in Old Persons, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  3. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  4. Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  5. The Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Den Bosch, The Netherlands.
  6. Division of PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
  7. Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  8. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
  9. Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
  10. Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
  11. Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium.
  12. Louvain Drug Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium.
  13. Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), University College Cork and Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.

PMID: 34877629 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-021-00904-z

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions (STOPP)/Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment (START) instrument is used to evaluate the appropriateness of medication in older people. STOPP/START criteria have been converted into software algorithms and implemented in a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to facilitate their use in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the frequency of CDSS-generated STOPP/START signals and their subsequent acceptance by a pharmacotherapy team in a hospital setting.

DESIGN AND METHODS: Hospitalised older patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity allocated to the intervention arm of the OPERAM (OPtimising thERapy to prevent Avoidable hospital admissions in the Multimorbid elderly) trial underwent a CDSS-assisted structured medication review in four European hospitals. We evaluated the frequency of CDSS-generated STOPP/START signals and the subsequent acceptance of these signals by a trained pharmacotherapy team consisting of a physician and pharmacist after evaluation of clinical applicability to the individual patient, prior to discussing pharmacotherapy optimisation recommendations with the patient and attending physicians. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate potential patient-related (e.g. age, number of co-morbidities and medications) and setting-related (e.g. ward type, country of inclusion) determinants for acceptance of STOPP and START signals.

RESULTS: In 819/826 (99%) of the patients, at least one STOPP/START signal was generated using a set of 110 algorithms based on STOPP/START v2 criteria. Overall, 39% of the 5080 signals were accepted by the pharmacotherapy team. There was a high variability in the frequency and the subsequent acceptance of the individual STOPP/START criteria. The acceptance ranged from 2.5 to 75.8% for the top ten most frequently generated STOPP and START signals. The signal to stop a drug without a clinical indication was most frequently generated (28%), with more than half of the signals accepted (54%). No difference in mean acceptance of STOPP versus START signals was found. In multivariate analysis, most patient-related determinants did not predict acceptance, although the acceptance of START signals increased in patients with one or more hospital admissions (+ 7.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-14.1) or one or more falls in the previous year (+ 7.1; 95% CI 0.7-13.4). A higher number of co-morbidities was associated with lower acceptance of STOPP (- 11.8%; 95% CI - 19.2 to - 4.5) and START (- 11.0%; 95% CI - 19.4 to - 2.6) signals for patients with more than nine and between seven and nine co-morbidities, respectively. For setting-related determinants, the acceptance differed significantly between the participating trial sites. Compared with Switzerland, the acceptance was higher in Ireland (STOPP: + 26.8%; 95% CI 16.8-36.7; START: + 31.1%; 95% CI 18.2-44.0) and in the Netherlands (STOPP: + 14.7%; 95% CI 7.8-21.7). Admission to a surgical ward was positively associated with acceptance of STOPP signals (+ 10.3%; 95% CI 3.8-16.8).

CONCLUSION: The involvement of an expert team in translating population-based CDSS signals to individual patients is essential, as more than half of the signals for potential overuse, underuse, and misuse were not deemed clinically appropriate in a hospital setting. Patient-related potential determinants were poor predictors of acceptance. Future research investigating factors that affect patients' and physicians' agreement with medication changes recommended by expert teams may provide further insight for implementation in clinical practice.

REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02986425.

© 2021. The Author(s).

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