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Al-Behadili AA, Mocanu IA, Petrescu TM, et al. Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures. Sensors (Basel). 2021;21(23)doi: 10.3390/s21237865.
Al-Behadili, A. A., Mocanu, I. A., Petrescu, T. M., & Elwi, T. A. (2021). Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 21(23), . https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237865
Al-Behadili, Amer Abbood, et al. "Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures." Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 21,23 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237865
Al-Behadili AA, Mocanu IA, Petrescu TM, Elwi TA. Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Nov 26;21(23). doi: 10.3390/s21237865. PMID: 34883874.
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Sensors (Basel). 2021 Nov 26;21(23). doi: 10.3390/s21237865.

Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Amer Abbood Al-Behadili, Iulia Andreea Mocanu, Teodor Mihai Petrescu, Taha A Elwi

Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 00964, Iraq.
  2. Department of Telecommunication, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Faculty of Electronics, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.
  3. Communication Engineering Department, Al-Ma'moon University College, Baghdad 1104, Iraq.
  4. Electrical and Computer Engineering Campus, New York Institute of Technology, Long Island City, NY 11568, USA.

PMID: 34883874 DOI: 10.3390/s21237865

Abstract

A microstrip highly sensitive differential sensor for complex permittivity characterization of urine samples was designed, fabricated and tested. The sensing area contains two pairs of open-stub resonators, and the working frequency of the unloaded sensor is 1.25 GHz. The sensor is easily implemented on an affordable substrate FR-4 Epoxy with a thickness of 1.6 mm. A Teflon beaker is mounted on the sensor without affecting the measurements. Numerically, liquid mixtures of water and urine at different percentages were introduced to the proposed sensor to evaluate the frequency variation. The percentage of water content in the mixture varied from 0% (100% urine) to 100% (0% urine) with a step of 3.226%, thus giving 32 data groups of the simulated results. Experimentally, the mixtures of: 0% urine (100% water), 20% urine (80% water), 33% urine (66% water), 50% urine (50% water), 66% urine (33% water), and 100% urine (0% water) were considered for validation. The complex permittivity of the considered samples was evaluated using a nonlinear least square curve fitting in MATLAB in order to realize a sensing sensitivity of about 3%.

Keywords: complex permittivity; differential microstrip sensor; open-stub resonator; urine sensor

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