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Shin HH, Li Z, Kim HJ, et al. Alexandrium catenella (Group I) and A. pacificum (Group IV) cyst germination, distribution, and toxicity in Jinhae-Masan Bay, Korea. Harmful Algae. 2021;110:102122doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102122.
Shin, H. H., Li, Z., Kim, H. J., Park, B. S., Lee, J., Shin, A. Y., Park, T. G., Lee, K. W., Han, K. H., Youn, J. Y., Kwak, K. Y., Seo, M. H., Kim, D., Son, M. H., Kim, D. J., Shin, K., & Lim, W. A. (2021). Alexandrium catenella (Group I) and A. pacificum (Group IV) cyst germination, distribution, and toxicity in Jinhae-Masan Bay, Korea. Harmful algae, 110102122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102122
Shin, Hyeon Ho, et al. "Alexandrium catenella (Group I) and A. pacificum (Group IV) cyst germination, distribution, and toxicity in Jinhae-Masan Bay, Korea." Harmful algae vol. 110 (2021): 102122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102122
Shin HH, Li Z, Kim HJ, Park BS, Lee J, Shin AY, Park TG, Lee KW, Han KH, Youn JY, Kwak KY, Seo MH, Kim D, Son MH, Kim DJ, Shin K, Lim WA. Alexandrium catenella (Group I) and A. pacificum (Group IV) cyst germination, distribution, and toxicity in Jinhae-Masan Bay, Korea. Harmful Algae. 2021 Dec;110:102122. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102122. Epub 2021 Oct 14. PMID: 34887002.
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Harmful Algae. 2021 Dec;110:102122. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102122. Epub 2021 Oct 14.

Alexandrium catenella (Group I) and A. pacificum (Group IV) cyst germination, distribution, and toxicity in Jinhae-Masan Bay, Korea.

Harmful algae

Hyeon Ho Shin, Zhun Li, Hyun Jung Kim, Bum Soo Park, Jihoon Lee, A-Young Shin, Tae-Gyu Park, Kyun-Woo Lee, Kyung Ha Han, Joo Yeon Youn, Kyung Yoon Kwak, Min Ho Seo, Daekyung Kim, Moon Ho Son, Dug-Jin Kim, Kyoungsoon Shin, Weol-Ae Lim

Affiliations

  1. Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 656-830, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea.
  3. Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 656-830, Republic of Korea.
  4. Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea.
  5. Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea.
  6. National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Korea.
  7. Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 656-830, Republic of Korea; Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
  8. Marine Ecology Research Center, Yeosu 59697, Republic of Korea.
  9. Biological Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
  10. National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea.
  11. Marine observation team, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 656-830, Republic of Korea.
  12. Ballast Water Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea.

PMID: 34887002 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102122

Abstract

To better understand the outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning and bloom dynamics caused by Alexandrium species in Jinhae-Masan Bay, Korea, the germination and distributions of ellipsoidal Alexandrium cysts were investigated, and paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) profiles and contents were determined using strains established from germling cells. The phylogeny and morphological observations revealed that the germinated vegetative cells from ellipsoidal cysts collected from the surface sediments in Jinhae-Masan Bay belong to Alexandrium catenella (Group I) and A. pacificum (Group IV) nested within A. tamarense species complex. Cyst germinations of A. catenella (Group I) were observed at only 10 °C, whereas cysts of A. pacificum (Group IV) could germinate at temperature ranges of 10 to 25 °C. Maximum germination success (85%) for isolated cysts occurred at 15 °C, and the germling cells were A. pacificum (Group IV). The results indicate that the variation in water temperature in Jinhae-Masan Bay can control the seasonal variations in germination of cysts of A. catenella (Group I) and A. pacificum (Group IV). The germination rates of ellipsoidal Alexandrium cysts were different among sampling sites in Jinhae-Masan Bay, probably because of differences in distribution and abundance of A. catenella (Group I) and A. pacificum (Group IV) in the sediments. The ellipsoidal Alexandrium cyst concentrations were much higher in February than in August, however the distributions were similar. Gonyautoxins 3 and 4 (GTX-3 and GTX-4) contributed a large proportion (>90%) of the toxins produced by strains A. catenella (Group I) and A. pacificum (Group IV) established from germling cells, and the total cellular contents were higher in A. catenella (Group I) than in A. pacificum (Group IV).

Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Ellipsoidal alexandrium cyst; GTX-3; GTX-4; Germination temperature; Morphology; Phylogeny

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