J Am Acad Audiol. 2021 Nov 30; doi: 10.1055/a-1709-4912. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
Perception of tinnitus: direct and indirect effects of resilience, personality traits and psychiatric symptoms.
Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
Mariana Lopes Martins, Melyssa Kellyane Cavalcanti Galdino, Bernardino Fernández Calvo, Fátima Cristina Alves Branco-Barreiro, Thiago Monteiro Paiva Fernandes, Marine Raquel Diniz da Rosa
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Speech Therapy, Paraiba Federal University, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
- Department of Psychology, Paraiba Federal University, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba Faculty of Education Sciences, Cordoba, Spain.
- Department of Speech Therapy, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Speech Therapy, Paraiba Federal University, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
PMID: 34847574
DOI: 10.1055/a-1709-4912
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Psychiatric conditions are common in individuals with tinnitus, so the ways individuals cope with such conditions and personality can influence the characteristics of tinnitus.
PURPOSE: The study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of resilience, personality traits and psychiatric symptoms on the tinnitus perception.
RESEARCH DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational field study involving quantitative results.
STUDY SAMPLE: Thirty-seven individuals who sought the tinnitus care service (mean age = 44.6 years; SD = 11.7 years), with chronic tinnitus for more than six months.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The specific anamnesis of tinnitus, adult self-report, resilience scale, big five inventory, tinnitus handicap inventory (M=45.0; SD= 24.1) and visual analog scale (M=6.4; SD= 2.7) were used. Psychoacoustic measurements (loudness: M=25.4; SD= 12.8) of tinnitus were performed to characterize the condition in terms of pitch and loudness. The study analyzed the relationship between tinnitus (annoyance, severity, and loudness), psychiatric symptoms, personality, and resilience.
RESULTS: Resilience did not influence tinnitus severity (BCa: -1.12 to 0.51), annoyance (BCa: -0.10 to 0.11), or loudness (BCa: -0.44 to 0.28) when mediated by anxiety and depression. Additionally, there was only a direct effect of resilience for annoyance (t=-2.14, p=0.03; BCa: -0.10 to 0.11). There was no direct influence of anxiety and depression on the tinnitus severity (b = 0.53, p> 0.05), annoyance (b = -0.01, p> 0.05) or loudness (b = 0.11, p> 0.05). However, there was an association of personality traits (neuroticism) with the tinnitus severity (b = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.15-2.17; t = 2.53, p = 0.02) and annoyance (b = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.003-0.24; t = 2.09, p = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS: Resilience and psychiatric symptoms did not have a direct or indirect influence on the tinnitus annoyance, severity, or loudness, with only a direct association of resilience and annoyance, and neuroticism trait with the tinnitus annoyance and severity. Our results suggest that it is essential patients with high neuroticism be conducted to develop personalized treatment.
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Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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