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Churilova E, Shkolnikov VM, Shalnova SA, et al. Long-term trends in blood pressure and hypertension in Russia: an analysis of data from 14 health surveys conducted in 1975-2017. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):2226doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12320-4.
Churilova, E., Shkolnikov, V. M., Shalnova, S. A., Kudryavtsev, A. V., Malyutina, S., Nilssen, O., Laatikainen, T., & Leon, D. A. (2021). Long-term trends in blood pressure and hypertension in Russia: an analysis of data from 14 health surveys conducted in 1975-2017. BMC public health, 21(1), 2226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12320-4
Churilova, Elena, et al. "Long-term trends in blood pressure and hypertension in Russia: an analysis of data from 14 health surveys conducted in 1975-2017." BMC public health vol. 21,1 (2021): 2226. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12320-4
Churilova E, Shkolnikov VM, Shalnova SA, Kudryavtsev AV, Malyutina S, Nilssen O, Laatikainen T, Leon DA. Long-term trends in blood pressure and hypertension in Russia: an analysis of data from 14 health surveys conducted in 1975-2017. BMC Public Health. 2021 Dec 07;21(1):2226. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12320-4. PMID: 34876091; PMCID: PMC8653591.
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BMC Public Health. 2021 Dec 07;21(1):2226. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-12320-4.

Long-term trends in blood pressure and hypertension in Russia: an analysis of data from 14 health surveys conducted in 1975-2017.

BMC public health

Elena Churilova, Vladimir M Shkolnikov, Svetlana A Shalnova, Alexander V Kudryavtsev, Sofia Malyutina, Odd Nilssen, Tiina Laatikainen, David A Leon

Affiliations

  1. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Bolshoy Trekhsvyatitelskiy pereulok 3, Moscow, Russian Federation, 109038.
  2. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Bolshoy Trekhsvyatitelskiy pereulok 3, Moscow, Russian Federation, 109038. [email protected].
  3. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany. [email protected].
  4. National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy pereulok 10, Moscow, Russian Federation, 101990.
  5. Northern State Medical University, Troitsky Avenue 51, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, 163069.
  6. UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
  7. Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, B. Bogatkova str. 175/1, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630089.
  8. Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Krasny pr. 52, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 6300091.
  9. Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.
  10. Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
  11. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.

PMID: 34876091 PMCID: PMC8653591 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12320-4

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is recognized as an important contributor to high cardiovascular mortality in Russia. A comprehensive analysis of data from Russian studies that measured blood pressure in population-based samples has not been previously undertaken. This study aims to identify trends and patterns in mean blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in Russia over the most recent 40 years.

METHODS: We obtained anonymized individual records of blood pressure measurements from 14 surveys conducted in Russia in 1975-2017 relating to a total of 137,687 individuals. For comparative purposes we obtained equivalent data from 4 surveys in the USA and England for 23,864 individuals. A meta-regression on aggregated data adjusted for education was undertaken to estimate time trends in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (> 140/90 mmHg), and hypertension (defined as elevated blood pressure and/or the use of blood pressure-lowering) medication. A meta-analysis of pooled individual-level data was used to assess male-female differences in blood pressure and hypertension.

RESULTS: During the period 1975-2017 mean blood pressure, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension remained stable among Russian men. Among Russian women, mean systolic blood pressure decreased at an annual rate of 0.25 mmHg (p < 0.1) at age 35-54 years and by 0.8 mmHg (p < 0.01) at ages 55 and over. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure also decreased by 0.8% per year (p < 0.01), but the prevalence of hypertension remained stable. Mean blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension were higher in Russia compared to the USA and England at all ages and for both sexes.

CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the generally observed downward trend in elevated blood pressure in many other countries, levels in Russia have changed little over the past 40 years, although there are some positive trends among women. Improved strategies to bring down the high levels of mean blood pressure and hypertension in Russia compared to countries such as England and the USA are important to further reduce the high burden of CVD in Russia.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Keywords: Blood pressure; Hypertension; International differences; Meta-analysis; Russia

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