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Liatis T, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Mari L, et al. Primary orthostatic tremor and orthostatic tremor-plus in dogs: 60 cases (2003-2020). J Vet Intern Med. 2021;doi: 10.1111/jvim.16328.
Liatis, T., Gutierrez-Quintana, R., Mari, L., Czopowicz, M., Polidoro, D., Bhatti, S. F. M., Cozzi, F., Tirrito, F., Brocal, J., José-López, R., Kaczmarska, A., Cappello, R., Harris, G., Alves, L., Rusbridge, C., & Rossmeisl, J. H. (2021). Primary orthostatic tremor and orthostatic tremor-plus in dogs: 60 cases (2003-2020). Journal of veterinary internal medicine, . https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16328
Liatis, Theofanis, et al. "Primary orthostatic tremor and orthostatic tremor-plus in dogs: 60 cases (2003-2020)." Journal of veterinary internal medicine vol. (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16328
Liatis T, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Mari L, Czopowicz M, Polidoro D, Bhatti SFM, Cozzi F, Tirrito F, Brocal J, José-López R, Kaczmarska A, Cappello R, Harris G, Alves L, Rusbridge C, Rossmeisl JH. Primary orthostatic tremor and orthostatic tremor-plus in dogs: 60 cases (2003-2020). J Vet Intern Med. 2021 Dec 12; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16328. Epub 2021 Dec 12. PMID: 34897811.
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J Vet Intern Med. 2021 Dec 12; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16328. Epub 2021 Dec 12.

Primary orthostatic tremor and orthostatic tremor-plus in dogs: 60 cases (2003-2020).

Journal of veterinary internal medicine

Theofanis Liatis, Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana, Lorenzo Mari, Michał Czopowicz, Dakir Polidoro, Sofie F M Bhatti, Francesca Cozzi, Federica Tirrito, Josep Brocal, Roberto José-López, Adriana Kaczmarska, Rodolfo Cappello, Georgina Harris, Lisa Alves, Clare Rusbridge, John H Rossmeisl

Affiliations

  1. Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
  2. Small Animal Referral Centre, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom.
  3. Wear Referrals, Stockton-on-Tees, United Kingdom.
  4. Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
  5. Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
  6. Clinica Neurologica Veterinaria NVA, Milan, Italy.
  7. North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, United Kingdom.
  8. The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  9. Fitzpatrick Referrals Orthopaedics and Neurology, Godalming, United Kingdom.
  10. School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guilford, United Kingdom.
  11. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.

PMID: 34897811 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16328

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Orthostatic tremor (OT) is a rare movement disorder characterized by high-frequency (>12 Hz) involuntary, rhythmic, sinusoidal movements affecting predominantly the limbs while standing.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the signalment, presenting complaints, phenotype, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome of a large sample of dogs with OT.

ANIMALS: Sixty dogs diagnosed with OT based on conscious electromyography.

METHODS: Multicenter retrospective case series study. Dogs were included if they had a conscious electromyography consistent with muscle discharge frequency >12 Hz while standing.

RESULTS: Fifty-three cases were diagnosed with primary OT (POT). Giant breed dogs represented most cases (83%; 44/53). Most dogs (79%; 42/53) were younger than 2 years of age at onset of signs, except for Retrievers which were all older than 3.5 years of age. The most common presenting complaints were pelvic limb tremors while standing (85%; 45/53) and difficulty when rising or sitting down (45%; 24/53). Improvement of clinical signs occurred in most dogs (85%; 45/53) treated medically with phenobarbital, primidone, gabapentin, pregabalin or clonazepam, but it was mostly partial rather than complete. Orthostatic tremor-plus was seen in 7 dogs that had concurrent neurological diseases.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Primary OT is a progressive disease of young, purebred, giant/large-breed dogs, which appears to begin later in life in Retrievers. Primary OT apparently responds partially to medications. Orthostatic tremor-plus exists in dogs and can be concomitant or associated with other neurological diseases.

© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.

Keywords: canine; paroxysmal movement disorders; postural tremor; shaky legs syndrome; tremor syndromes

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