Display options
Cite
Wong A, Chen SQ, Halvorson BD, et al. Microvessel Density: Integrating Sex-Based Differences and Elevated Cardiovascular Risks in Metabolic Syndrome. J Vasc Res. 2021;1-15doi: 10.1159/000518787.
Wong, A., Chen, S. Q., Halvorson, B. D., & Frisbee, J. C. (2021). Microvessel Density: Integrating Sex-Based Differences and Elevated Cardiovascular Risks in Metabolic Syndrome. Journal of vascular research, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1159/000518787
Wong, Angelina, et al. "Microvessel Density: Integrating Sex-Based Differences and Elevated Cardiovascular Risks in Metabolic Syndrome." Journal of vascular research vol. (2021): 1-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000518787
Wong A, Chen SQ, Halvorson BD, Frisbee JC. Microvessel Density: Integrating Sex-Based Differences and Elevated Cardiovascular Risks in Metabolic Syndrome. J Vasc Res. 2021 Sep 14;1-15. doi: 10.1159/000518787. Epub 2021 Sep 14. PMID: 34535606.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

J Vasc Res. 2021 Sep 14;1-15. doi: 10.1159/000518787. Epub 2021 Sep 14.

Microvessel Density: Integrating Sex-Based Differences and Elevated Cardiovascular Risks in Metabolic Syndrome.

Journal of vascular research

Angelina Wong, Shu Qing Chen, Brayden D Halvorson, Jefferson C Frisbee

Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

PMID: 34535606 DOI: 10.1159/000518787

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex pathological state consisting of metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity. The interconnectivity of cellular pathways within various biological systems suggests that each individual component of MetS may share common pathological sources. Additionally, MetS is closely associated with vasculopathy, including a reduction in microvessel density (MVD) (rarefaction) and elevated risk for various cardiovascular diseases. Microvascular impairments may contribute to perfusion-demand mismatch, where local metabolic needs are insufficiently met due to the lack of nutrient and oxygen supply, thus creating pathological positive-feedback loops and furthering the progression of disease. Sexual dimorphism is evident in these underlying cellular mechanisms, which places males and females at different levels of risk for cardiovascular disease and acute ischemic events. Estrogen exhibits protective effects on the endothelium of pre-menopausal women, while androgens may be antagonistic to cardiovascular health. This review examines MetS and its influences on MVD, as well as sex differences relating to the components of MetS and cardiovascular risk profiles. Finally, translational relevance and interventions are discussed in the context of these sex-based differences.

© 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Metaboloic syndrome; Microvessel density; Sex differences

Publication Types