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J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2021 Dec;41(12):3171-3186. doi: 10.1177/0271678X211032737. Epub 2021 Jul 22.

Viral mimetic triggers cerebral arteriopathy in juvenile brain via neutrophil elastase and NETosis.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

Aditya Rayasam, Amandine Jullienne, Tetyana Chumak, Joel Faustino, Jenny Szu, Mary Hamer, C Joakim Ek, Carina Mallard, Andre Obenaus, Zinaida S Vexler

Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  2. Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
  3. Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

PMID: 34293939 PMCID: PMC8669290 DOI: 10.1177/0271678X211032737

Abstract

Stroke is among the top ten causes of death in children but has received disproportionally little attention. Cerebral arteriopathies account for up to 80% of childhood arterial ischemic stroke (CAIS) cases and are strongly predictive of CAIS recurrence and poorer outcomes. The underlying mechanisms of sensitization of neurovasculature by viral infection are undefined. In the first age-appropriate model for childhood arteriopathy-by administration of viral mimetic TLR3-agonist Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly-IC) in juvenile mice-we identified a key role of the TLR3-neutrophil axis in disrupting the structural-functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and distorting the developing neurovascular architecture and vascular networks. First, using an array of

Keywords: Neutrophil elastase; blood-brain barrier; neutrophil extracellular traps; sivelestat; toll-like receptor 3

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