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Riechmann ME, Ndwandwe B, Greenwood EE, et al. On-site urine treatment combining Ca(OH). Water Res X. 2021;13:100124doi: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100124.
Riechmann, M. E., Ndwandwe, B., Greenwood, E. E., Reynaert, E., Morgenroth, E., & Udert, K. M. (2021). On-site urine treatment combining Ca(OH). Water research X, 13100124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100124
Riechmann, Michel E, et al. "On-site urine treatment combining Ca(OH)." Water research X vol. 13 (2021): 100124. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100124
Riechmann ME, Ndwandwe B, Greenwood EE, Reynaert E, Morgenroth E, Udert KM. On-site urine treatment combining Ca(OH). Water Res X. 2021 Oct 08;13:100124. doi: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100124. eCollection 2021 Dec 01. PMID: 34917915; PMCID: PMC8645517.
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Water Res X. 2021 Oct 08;13:100124. doi: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100124. eCollection 2021 Dec 01.

On-site urine treatment combining Ca(OH).

Water research X

Michel E Riechmann, Bonginkosi Ndwandwe, Esther E Greenwood, Eva Reynaert, Eberhard Morgenroth, Kai M Udert

Affiliations

  1. Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
  2. University of KwaZulu Natal, WASH R&D Center, 4041 Durban, South Africa.
  3. ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

PMID: 34917915 PMCID: PMC8645517 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100124

Abstract

We present the results of three field tests and three laboratory tests of a new physical-chemical urine treatment system, which can recover all nutrients, while pathogens are inactivated. The system consists of two steps. In the first reactor, biological processes including urea hydrolysis are prevented by mixing fresh urine with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Keywords: Blue Diversion Autarky; Calcium hydroxide; Field testing; Resource recovery; Source separation; Urine stabilization

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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