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Smith OM, Olimpi EM, Navarro-Gonzalez N, et al. A trait-based framework for predicting foodborne pathogen risk from wild birds. Ecol Appl. 2021;e2523doi: 10.1002/eap.2523.
Smith, O. M., Olimpi, E. M., Navarro-Gonzalez, N., Cornell, K. A., Frishkoff, L. O., Northfield, T. D., Bowles, T. M., Edworthy, M., Eilers, J., Fu, Z., Garcia, K., Gonthier, D. J., Jones, M. S., Kennedy, C. M., Latimer, C. E., Owen, J. P., Sato, C., Taylor, J. M., Wilson-Rankin, E. E., Snyder, W. E., & Karp, D. S. (2021). A trait-based framework for predicting foodborne pathogen risk from wild birds. Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America, e2523. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2523
Smith, Olivia M, et al. "A trait-based framework for predicting foodborne pathogen risk from wild birds." Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America vol. (2021): e2523. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2523
Smith OM, Olimpi EM, Navarro-Gonzalez N, Cornell KA, Frishkoff LO, Northfield TD, Bowles TM, Edworthy M, Eilers J, Fu Z, Garcia K, Gonthier DJ, Jones MS, Kennedy CM, Latimer CE, Owen JP, Sato C, Taylor JM, Wilson-Rankin EE, Snyder WE, Karp DS. A trait-based framework for predicting foodborne pathogen risk from wild birds. Ecol Appl. 2021 Dec 17;e2523. doi: 10.1002/eap.2523. Epub 2021 Dec 17. PMID: 34921463.
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Ecol Appl. 2021 Dec 17;e2523. doi: 10.1002/eap.2523. Epub 2021 Dec 17.

A trait-based framework for predicting foodborne pathogen risk from wild birds.

Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

Olivia M Smith, Elissa M Olimpi, Nora Navarro-Gonzalez, Kevin A Cornell, Luke O Frishkoff, Tobin D Northfield, Timothy M Bowles, Max Edworthy, Johnna Eilers, Zhen Fu, Karina Garcia, David J Gonthier, Matthew S Jones, Christina M Kennedy, Christopher E Latimer, Jeb P Owen, Chika Sato, Joseph M Taylor, Erin E Wilson-Rankin, William E Snyder, Daniel S Karp

Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
  2. School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
  3. Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
  4. INRAE, Oniris, BIOEPAR, Nantes, France.
  5. Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
  6. Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA.
  7. Centre for Tropical Environmental Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
  8. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
  9. Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
  10. Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
  11. Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
  12. Global Protect Oceans, Lands and Waters Program, The Nature Conservancy, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
  13. Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.

PMID: 34921463 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2523

Abstract

Recent foodborne illness outbreaks have heightened pressures on growers to deter wildlife from farms, jeopardizing conservation efforts. However, it remains unclear which species, particularly birds, pose the greatest risk to food safety. Using >11,000 pathogen tests and 1,565 bird surveys covering 139 bird species from across the western U.S.A., we examined the importance of 11 traits in mediating wild bird risk to food safety. We tested whether traits associated with pathogen exposure (e.g., habitat associations, movement, and foraging strategy) and pace-of-life (clutch size and generation length) mediated foodborne pathogen prevalence and proclivities to enter farm fields and defecate on crops. Campylobacter spp. were the most prevalent enteric pathogen (8.0%), while Salmonella and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) were rare (0.46% and 0.22% prevalence, respectively). We found that several traits related to pathogen exposure predicted pathogen prevalence. Specifically, Campylobacter and STEC-associated virulence genes were more often detected in species associated with cattle feedlots and bird feeders, respectively. Campylobacter was also more prevalent in species that consumed plants and had longer generation lengths. We found that species associated with feedlots were more likely to enter fields and defecate on crops. Our results indicated that canopy-foraging insectivores were less likely to deposit foodborne pathogens on crops, suggesting growers may be able to promote pest-eating birds and birds of conservation concern (e.g., via nest boxes) without necessarily compromising food safety. As such, promoting insectivorous birds may represent a win-win-win for bird conservation, crop production, and food safety. Collectively, our results suggest that separating crop production from livestock farming may be the best way to lower food safety risks from birds. More broadly, our trait-based framework suggests a path forward for co-managing wildlife conservation and food safety risks in farmland by providing a strategy for holistically evaluating the food safety risks of wild animals, including under-studied species.

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Keywords: Campylobacter spp.; STEC; Salmonella spp.; feedlot; food safety; species traits; wild birds

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