Display options
Cite
O'Neil ME, Cameron D, Shirley K, et al. Change in Learning and Memory Partially Mediates Effects of Compensatory Cognitive Training on Self-Reported Cognitive Symptoms. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2021;36(6):429-436doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000662.
O'Neil, M. E., Cameron, D., Shirley, K., Sano, E., Twamley, E., Williams, R., Turner, A., Pagulayan, K., Roost, M., Jak, A., Storzbach, D., & Huckans, M. (2021). Change in Learning and Memory Partially Mediates Effects of Compensatory Cognitive Training on Self-Reported Cognitive Symptoms. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 36(6), 429-436. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000662
O'Neil, Maya Elin, et al. "Change in Learning and Memory Partially Mediates Effects of Compensatory Cognitive Training on Self-Reported Cognitive Symptoms." The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation vol. 36,6 (2021): 429-436. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000662
O'Neil ME, Cameron D, Shirley K, Sano E, Twamley E, Williams R, Turner A, Pagulayan K, Roost M, Jak A, Storzbach D, Huckans M. Change in Learning and Memory Partially Mediates Effects of Compensatory Cognitive Training on Self-Reported Cognitive Symptoms. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2021 Nov-Dec 01;36(6):429-436. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000662. PMID: 33656484.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2021 Nov-Dec 01;36(6):429-436. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000662.

Change in Learning and Memory Partially Mediates Effects of Compensatory Cognitive Training on Self-Reported Cognitive Symptoms.

The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation

Maya Elin O'Neil, David Cameron, Kate Shirley, Emily Sano, Elizabeth Twamley, Rhonda Williams, Aaron Turner, Kathleen Pagulayan, Mai Roost, Amy Jak, Daniel Storzbach, Marilyn Huckans

Affiliations

  1. VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (Drs O'Neil, Roost, Storzbach, and Huckans, Mr Cameron, and Mss Shirley and Sano); Departments of Psychiatry (Drs O'Neil, Storzbach, and Huckans), Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology (Dr O'Neil), and Neurology (Dr Storzbach), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California (Drs Twamley and Jak); Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Drs Twamley and Jak); VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington (Drs Williams, Turner, and Pagulayan); and Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine (Drs Williams and Turner) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Dr Pagulayan), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.

PMID: 33656484 DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000662

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations among compensatory cognitive training (CCT), objective cognitive functioning, and self-reported cognitive symptoms. We examined whether change in objective cognitive functioning associated with participation in CCT at 10-week follow-up mediates change in self-reported cognitive symptoms associated with CCT at 15-week follow-up.

SETTING: Three VA outpatient mental health clinics.

PARTICIPANTS: Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury who reported cognitive deficits.

DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial post hoc causal mediation analysis.

MAIN MEASURES: Self-reported cognitive symptoms were measured by the Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire and the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire. Objective cognitive functioning was measured using a battery of neuropsychological tests.

RESULTS: Improvement on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) Delayed Recall test mediated the association between participation in CCT and decrease in the Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire total score. Improvement on the HVLT-R Total Recall and HVLT-R Delayed Recall tests both meditated the association between participation in CCT and decrease in the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire total score. No other measures of objective cognitive functioning were significant mediators.

CONCLUSION: Patients' perceptions of cognitive symptom improvement due to CCT are partially mediated by learning and memory, though these subjective improvements occur regardless of other changes in objective cognitive functioning associated with CCT.

Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

  1. Faul M, Wald MM, Xu L, Coronado VG. Traumatic brain injury in the United States; emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, 2002-2006. Published 2010. Accessed June 3, 2020. https://gcc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstacks.cdc.gov%2Fview%2Fcdc%2F5571&data=04%7C01%7C%7C766afc5050e5424e21c408d8b7cb1d37%7Ce95f1b23abaf45ee821db7ab251ab3bf%7C0%7C0%7C637461430297253052%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=t%2FkIK%2FAt1XWh0U8qc5ZOImEk6FwjLWaYoNXaTlMQWr0%3D&reserved=0 - PubMed
  2. Coronado VG, Thurman DJ, Greenspan A, Weissman BM. Neurotrauma and critical care: brain In: Loftus JJCM, ed. Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Brain. Thieme; 2009:3–19. - PubMed
  3. Department of Defense. DoD worldwide numbers for traumatic brain injury. Published 2019. Accessed June 3, 2020. https://dvbic.dcoe.mil/dod-worldwide-numbers-tbi. - PubMed
  4. Greer N, Sayer N, Kramer M, Koeller E, Velasquez T. Prevalence and Epidemiology of Combat Blast Injuries From the Military Cohort 2001-2014. Department of Veterans Affairs; 2016. - PubMed
  5. Regasa LE, Agimi Y, Stout KC. Traumatic brain injury following military deployment: evaluation of diagnosis and cause of injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2019;34:21–29. doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000417 - PubMed
  6. Kline A, Falca-Dodson M, Sussner B, et al. Effects of repeated deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on the health of New Jersey Army National Guard troops: implications for military readiness. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(2):276–283. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.162925 - PubMed
  7. Ruff RL, Riechers RG, Wang X-F, Piero T, Ruff SS. A case-control study examining whether neurological deficits and PTSD in combat veterans are related to episodes of mild TBI. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000312. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000312 - PubMed
  8. Warden D. Military TBI during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21(5):398–402. doi:10.1097/00001199-200609000-00004 - PubMed
  9. Wilk JE, Herrell RK, Wynn GH, Riviere LA, Hoge CW. Mild traumatic brain injury (concussion), posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression in US soldiers involved in combat deployments: association with postdeployment symptoms. Psychosom Med. 2012;74(3):249–257. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e318244c604 - PubMed
  10. Boyle E, Cancelliere C, Hartvigsen J, Carroll LJ, Holm LW, Cassidy JD. Systematic review of prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury in the military: results of the International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(3 suppl):S230–S237. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.297 - PubMed
  11. Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD, Cancelliere C, et al. Systematic review of the prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury in adults: cognitive, psychiatric, and mortality outcomes: results of the International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(3 suppl):S152–S173. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.300 - PubMed
  12. O'Neil ME, Carlson K, Storzbach D, et al. Complications of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Veterans and Military Personnel: A Systematic Review. Department of Veterans Affairs; 2013. - PubMed
  13. Spencer RJ, Drag LL, Walker SJ, Bieliauskas LA. Self-reported cognitive symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury are poorly associated with neuropsychological performance in OIF/OEF veterans. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2010;47(6):521–530. doi:10.1682/jrrd.2009.11.0181 - PubMed
  14. Taylor BC, Hagel EM, Carlson KF, et al. Prevalence and costs of co-occurring traumatic brain injury with and without psychiatric disturbance and pain among Afghanistan and Iraq War Veteran VA users. Med Care. 2012;50(4):342–346. doi:10.1097/MLR.0b013e318245a558 - PubMed
  15. Vasterling JJ, Aslan M, Lee LO, et al. Longitudinal associations among posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, traumatic brain injury, and neurocognitive functioning in army soldiers deployed to the Iraq War. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2018;24(4):311–323. doi:10.1017/S1355617717001059 - PubMed
  16. Dardenne S, Delrieu J, Sourdet S, et al. Memory complaints and cognitive decline: data from the GUIDAGE Study1. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;60(4):1567–1578. doi:10.3233/JAD-170229 - PubMed
  17. Huckans M, Hutson L, Twamley E, Jak A, Kaye J, Storzbach D. Efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation therapies for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults: working toward a theoretical model and evidence-based interventions. Neuropsychol Rev. 2013;23(1):63–80. doi:10.1007/s11065-013-9230-9 - PubMed
  18. Twamley EW, Vella L, Burton CZ, Heaton RK, Jeste DV. Compensatory cognitive training for psychosis: effects in a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(9):1212–1219. doi:10.4088/JCP.12m07686 - PubMed
  19. Cicerone KD, Langenbahn DM, Braden C, et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(4):519–530. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.11.015 - PubMed
  20. Storzbach D, Twamley EW, Roost MS, et al. Compensatory cognitive training for Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2017;32(1):16–24. doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000228 - PubMed
  21. Cicerone KD, Kalmar K. Persistent postconcussion syndrome: the structure of subjective complaints after mild traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1995;10(3):1–17. doi: 10.1097/00001199-199506000-00002 - PubMed
  22. Shapiro AM, Benedict RH, Schretlen D, Brandt J. Construct and concurrent validity of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised. Clin Neuropsychol. 1999;13(3):348–358. doi:10.1076/clin.13.3.348.1749 - PubMed
  23. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). NCS Pearson; 2008. - PubMed
  24. Delis DC, Kaplan E, Kramer JH. Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: Examiners Manual. Psychological Corporation; 2001. - PubMed
  25. Delis DC, Kramer JH, Kaplan E, Holdnack J. Reliability and validity of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: an update. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2004;10(2):301–303. doi:10.1017/S1355617704102191 - PubMed
  26. Crawford JR, Henry JD, Ward AL, Blake J. The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): latent structure, normative data and discrepancy analysis for proxy-ratings. Br J Clin Psychol. 2006;45(pt 1):83–104. doi:10.1348/014466505X28748 - PubMed
  27. Crawford JR, Smith G, Maylor EA, Della Sala S, Logie RH. The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Memory. 2003;11(3):261–275. doi:10.1080/09658210244000027 - PubMed
  28. Smith G, Del Sala S, Logie RH, Maylor EA. Prospective and retrospective memory in normal ageing and dementia: a questionnaire study. Memory. 2000;8(5):311–321. doi:10.1080/09658210050117735 - PubMed
  29. Benedict RH, Munschauer F, Linn R, et al. Screening for multiple sclerosis cognitive impairment using a self-administered 15-item questionnaire. Mult Scler. 2003;9(1):95–101. doi:10.1191/1352458503ms861oa - PubMed
  30. VanderWeele T. Explanation in Causal Inference: Methods for Mediation and Interaction. Oxford University Press; 2015. - PubMed
  31. VanderWeele T. Causal Mediation Analysis. Causal Mediation Analysis 2-Day Seminar; 2019. Statistical Horizons LLC; 2019. - PubMed
  32. SAS software (for Windows). Version 9.4. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 2014. - PubMed
  33. Huckans M, Twamley E, Tun S, et al. Motivationally Enhanced Compensatory Cognitive Training for Mild Cognitive Impairment. VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University; VA San Diego Health Care System and University of California; 2016. - PubMed
  34. Buckley R, Saling MM, Ames D, et al. Factors affecting subjective memory complaints in the AIBL aging study: biomarkers, memory, affect, and age. Int Psychogeriatr. 2013;25(8):1307–1315. doi:10.1017/S1041610213000665 - PubMed
  35. Zlatar ZZ, Moore RC, Palmer BW, Thompson WK, Jeste DV. Cognitive complaints correlate with depression rather than concurrent objective cognitive impairment in the successful aging evaluation baseline sample. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2014;27(3):181–187. doi:10.1177/0891988714524628 - PubMed

MeSH terms

Publication Types