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Aloum L, Semreen MH, Al-Tel TH, et al. Metabolic conversion of β-pinene to β-ionone in rats. Xenobiotica. 2021;1-9doi: 10.1080/00498254.2021.2020376.
Aloum, L., Semreen, M. H., Al-Tel, T. H., Al-Hroub, H., Mousa, M., Jayaraj, R. L., Alefishat, E., Adem, A., & Petroianu, G. A. (2021). Metabolic conversion of β-pinene to β-ionone in rats. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2021.2020376
Aloum, Lujain, et al. "Metabolic conversion of β-pinene to β-ionone in rats." Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems vol. (2021): 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2021.2020376
Aloum L, Semreen MH, Al-Tel TH, Al-Hroub H, Mousa M, Jayaraj RL, Alefishat E, Adem A, Petroianu GA. Metabolic conversion of β-pinene to β-ionone in rats. Xenobiotica. 2021 Dec 27;1-9. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2021.2020376. Epub 2021 Dec 27. PMID: 34931580.
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Xenobiotica. 2021 Dec 27;1-9. doi: 10.1080/00498254.2021.2020376. Epub 2021 Dec 27.

Metabolic conversion of β-pinene to β-ionone in rats.

Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

Lujain Aloum, Mohammad H Semreen, Taleb H Al-Tel, Hamza Al-Hroub, Muath Mousa, Richard L Jayaraj, Eman Alefishat, Abdu Adem, Georg A Petroianu

Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
  2. College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
  3. Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
  4. Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
  5. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
  6. Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
  7. Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

PMID: 34931580 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.2020376

Abstract

Exposure to or ingestion of turpentine can alter the scent of urine, conferring it a flowery, violet-like scent. Turpentine's effect on urine was initially noticed after its use either as medicine or as a preservative in winemaking. Regardless of the source of exposure, the phenomenon requires metabolic conversion of turpentine component(s) to ionone, the molecule mainly responsible for the scent of violets.The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of ionone in the urine of rats that received β-pinene, and thus to demonstrate that the postulated conversion occurs.We treated rats intraperitoneally with normal saline (negative control), β-ionone (positive control), low-dose β-pinene (1/3 of LD50), and high-dose β-pinene (1/2 of LD50). Urine samples were collected up to 72 h after administration of the compounds, followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identification of the presence of ionone.β-Ionone was found in the urine of rats exposed to both low and high doses of β-pinene. In contrast, α-ionone appears unlikely to have been formed in rats exposed to either low or high doses of β-pinene. β-pinene was converted to β-ionone, followed by partial excretion in the urine of rats. β-Ionone is a minor metabolite of β-pinene.

Keywords: Turpentine; ionone; metabolism; pinene; urine; violets

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