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Brain Sci. 2021 Dec 15;11(12). doi: 10.3390/brainsci11121650.

Aberrant Auditory and Visual Memory Development of Children with Upper Limb Motor Disorders.

Brain sciences

Maria Koriakina, Olga Agranovich, Ekaterina Petrova, Dzerassa Kadieva, Grigory Kopytin, Evgenia Ermolovich, Olesya Moiseenko, Margarita Alekseeva, Dimitri Bredikhin, Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto, Ioannis Ntoumanis, Anna N Shestakova, Iiro P Jääskeläinen, Evgeny Blagovechtchenski

Affiliations

  1. Federal State Budgetary Institution the Turner Scientific Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics under the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 196603 St. Petersburg, Russia.
  2. Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia.
  3. Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland.

PMID: 34942952 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121650

Abstract

The current study aimed to compare differences in the cognitive development of children with and without upper limb motor disorders. The study involved 89 children from 3 to 15 years old; 57 children with similar upper limb motor disorders and 32 healthy children. Our results showed that motor disorders could impair cognitive functions, especially memory. In particular, we found that children between 8 and 11 years old with upper limb disorders differed significantly from their healthy peers in both auditory and visual memory scales. These results can be explained by the fact that the development of cognitive functions depends on the normal development of motor skills, and the developmental delay of motor skills affects cognitive functions. Correlation analysis did not reveal any significant relationship between other cognitive functions (attention, thinking, intelligence) and motor function. Altogether, these findings point to the need to adapt general habilitation programs for children with motor disorders, considering the cognitive impairment during their development. The evaluation of children with motor impairment is often limited to their motor dysfunction, leaving their cognitive development neglected. The current study showed the importance of cognitive issues for these children. Moreover, early intervention, particularly focused on memory, can prevent some of the accompanying difficulties in learning and daily life functioning of children with movement disorders.

Keywords: arthrogryposis; children; cognitive function; motor disorder; obstetrics palsy

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