Display options
Cite
Ishimaru T, Mine Y, Odgerel CO, et al. Prospective cohort study of bedroom heating and risk of common cold in children. Pediatr Int. 2022;64(1):e14755doi: 10.1111/ped.14755.
Ishimaru, T., Mine, Y., Odgerel, C. O., Miyake, F., Kubo, T., Ikaga, T., & Fujino, Y. (2022). Prospective cohort study of bedroom heating and risk of common cold in children. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society, 64(1), e14755. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14755
Ishimaru, Tomohiro, et al. "Prospective cohort study of bedroom heating and risk of common cold in children." Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society vol. 64,1 (2022): e14755. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14755
Ishimaru T, Mine Y, Odgerel CO, Miyake F, Kubo T, Ikaga T, Fujino Y. Prospective cohort study of bedroom heating and risk of common cold in children. Pediatr Int. 2022 Jan;64(1):e14755. doi: 10.1111/ped.14755. PMID: 33899990.
Copy Download .nbib Format: NLM
Share it on

Pediatr Int. 2022 Jan;64(1):e14755. doi: 10.1111/ped.14755.

Prospective cohort study of bedroom heating and risk of common cold in children.

Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society

Tomohiro Ishimaru, Yuko Mine, Chimed-Ochir Odgerel, Fuyu Miyake, Tatsuhiko Kubo, Toshiharu Ikaga, Yoshihisa Fujino

Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.
  2. Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan.
  3. Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
  4. Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.

PMID: 33899990 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14755

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In countries with mild winter climates and inadequate heating, the relationship between housing conditions and health outcomes in winter have not been well studied. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between heater type and temperature factors in the bedroom and incidence of the common cold among children in Japan.

METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we distributed baseline questionnaires and temperature loggers in December 2019 and administered follow-up questionnaires in March 2020. We recruited children under the age of 15 years. We performed Poisson regression analysis and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: Of 297 participants, air conditioners were the most prevalent (n = 105, 35%), followed by gas or kerosene heaters (n = 50, 17%), and floor heaters (n = 31, 10%). Air-conditioners were associated with higher incidence of all events related to the common cold, especially having a fever (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41-2.40). Gas or kerosene and floor heaters showed a lower incidence rate of some events related to the common cold, such as school or nursery school absence (aIRR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.37-0.82 and aIRR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.23-0.67, respectively). Bedroom temperature did not show a positive association, but children who always felt cold showed a higher incidence of some events related to the common cold.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply that the heating approach and modal thermal comfort, such as location of heating appliances, humidity, airflow, and radiant heat, may be more important for the onset of common cold in children than bedroom temperature itself.

© 2021 Japan Pediatric Society.

Keywords: common cold; heater; housing; winter

References

  1. Heikkinen T, Jarvinen A. The common cold. Lancet. 2003; 361: 51-9. - PubMed
  2. Turner RB. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the common cold. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997; 78: 531-40. - PubMed
  3. Shefrin AE, Goldman RD. Use of over-the-counter cough and cold medications in children. Can. Fam. Physician Medecin de famille canadien. 2009; 55(11): 1081-3. - PubMed
  4. Rondanelli M, Miccono A, Lamburghini S et al. Self-care for common colds: the pivotal role of vitamin d, vitamin c, zinc, and echinacea in three main immune interactive clusters (physical barriers, innate and adaptive immunity) involved during an episode of common colds-practical advice on dosages and on the time to take these nutrients/botanicals in order to prevent or treat common colds. Evid. Based Complement Alternat. Med. 2018; 2018: 5813095. - PubMed
  5. Neville V, Gleeson M, Folland JP. Salivary IgA as a risk factor for upper respiratory infections in elite professional athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2008; 40(7): 1228-36. - PubMed
  6. Escribano D, Gutierrez AM, Tecles F, Ceron JJ. Changes in saliva biomarkers of stress and immunity in domestic pigs exposed to a psychosocial stressor. Res. Vet. Sci. 2015; 102: 38-44. - PubMed
  7. Urashima M, Segawa T, Okazaki M, Kurihara M, Wada Y, Ida H. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010; 91(5): 1255-60. - PubMed
  8. Yamamoto Y, To M, Hayashi T et al. Intake of indigestible carbohydrates influences IgA response and polymeric Ig receptor expression in the rat submandibular gland. Br. J. Nutr. 2015; 113(12): 1895-902. - PubMed
  9. Foxman EF, Storer JA, Fitzgerald ME et al. Temperature-dependent innate defense against the common cold virus limits viral replication at warm temperature in mouse airway cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2015; 112(3): 827-32. - PubMed
  10. Johnson C, Eccles R. Acute cooling of the feet and the onset of common cold symptoms. Fam. Pract. 2005; 22: 608-13. - PubMed
  11. Zock JP, Jarvis D, Luczynska C, Sunyer J, Burney P, European Community Respiratory Health S. Housing characteristics, reported mold exposure, and asthma in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2002; 110: 285-92. - PubMed
  12. Gibson M, Petticrew M, Bambra C, Sowden AJ, Wright KE, Whitehead M. Housing and health inequalities: a synthesis of systematic reviews of interventions aimed at different pathways linking housing and health. Health Place. 2011; 17(1): 175-84. - PubMed
  13. Maidment CD, Jones CR, Webb TL, Hathway EA, Gilbertson JM. The impact of household energy efficiency measures on health: A meta-analysis. Energy Pol. 2014; 65: 583-93. - PubMed
  14. Thomson H, Thomas S, Sellstrom E, Petticrew M. Housing improvements for health and associated socio-economic outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013; 2: CD008657. - PubMed
  15. Bone A, Wookey R, Austyn K. Cold Weather Plan for England. Making the Case: Why Longterm Planning for Cold Weather is Essential to Health and Wellbeing. Public Health England, London, 2017. - PubMed
  16. Murakami S, Levine MD, Yoshino H et al. Overview of energy consumption and GHG mitigation technologies in the building sector of Japan. Energy Efficiency 2009; 2(2): 179-94. - PubMed
  17. Miyake F, Odgerel CO, Mine Y, Kubo T, Ikaga T, Fujino Y. A prospective cohort study of bedroom warming with a heating system and its association with common infectious diseases in children during winter in Japan. J. Epidemiol. 2020; 31(3): 165-171. - PubMed
  18. Iwai-Shimada M, Nakayama SF, Isobe T et al. Questionnaire results on exposure characteristics of pregnant women participating in the Japan Environment and Children Study (JECS). Environ. Health Prev. Med. 2018; 23: 45. - PubMed
  19. Guo Q. Effect of insulation on indoor thermal comfort in a detached house with a floor heating system. E3S Web Conf. 2019; 111: 2049. - PubMed
  20. Orts K, Sheridan JF, Robinson-Whelen S, Glaser R, Malarkey WB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. The reliability and validity of a structured interview for the assessment of infectious illness symptoms. J. Behav. Med. 1995; 18: 517-29. - PubMed
  21. Makinen TM, Juvonen R, Jokelainen J et al. Cold temperature and low humidity are associated with increased occurrence of respiratory tract infections. Respir. Med. 2009; 103: 456-62. - PubMed
  22. Ikaheimo TM, Jaakkola K, Jokelainen J et al. A decrease in temperature and humidity precedes human rhinovirus infections in a cold climate. Viruses 2016; 8: 244. - PubMed
  23. Mishra AK, Ramgopal M. Field studies on human thermal comfort - An overview. Build Environ. 2013; 64: 94-106. - PubMed
  24. Lee D. Characterization of indoor temperature and humidity in low-income residences over a Year in Seoul, Korea. Asian J. Atmos. Environ. 2017; 11(3): 184-93. - PubMed
  25. Lu C, Miao Y, Zeng J, Jiang W, Shen YM, Deng Q. Prenatal exposure to ambient temperature variation increases the risk of common cold in children. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2018; 154: 221-7. - PubMed
  26. Shimizu M, Park H, Greenfield PM. Infant sleeping arrangements and cultural values among contemporary Japanese mothers. Front. Psychol. 2014; 5: 718. - PubMed
  27. Gilbertson J, Grimsley M, Green G. Psychosocial routes from housing investment to health: Evidence from England's home energy efficiency scheme. Energy Pol. 2012; 49: 122-33. - PubMed
  28. Rocklov J, Sjodin H, Wilder-Smith A. COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: Estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures. J. Travel Med. 2020; 27: taaa030. - PubMed
  29. Muto K, Yamamoto I, Nagasu M, Tanaka M, Wada K. Japanese citizens' behavioral changes and preparedness against COVID-19: An online survey during the early phase of the pandemic. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0234292. - PubMed
  30. Emeruwa UN, Ona S, Shaman JL et al. Associations between built environment, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women in New York City. JAMA 2020; 324: 390-2. - PubMed
  31. Mecenas P, Bastos R, Vallinoto ACR, Normando D. Effects of temperature and humidity on the spread of COVID-19: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0238339. - PubMed
  32. Katz-Sidlow RJ, Rowberry JP, Ho M. Fever determination in young infants: Prevalence and accuracy of parental palpation. Pediatr. Emerg. Care 2009; 25(1): 12-4. - PubMed

Publication Types

Grant support