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Fumagalli MJ, Castro-Jorge LA, Fraga-Silva TFC, et al. Protective Immunity against Gamma and Zeta Variants after Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus Immunization. Viruses. 2021;13(12)doi: 10.3390/v13122440.
Fumagalli, M. J., Castro-Jorge, L. A., Fraga-Silva, T. F. C., de Azevedo, P. O., Capato, C. F., Rattis, B. A. C., Hojo-Souza, N. S., Floriano, V. G., de Castro, J. T., Ramos, S. G., da Fonseca, B. A. L., Bonato, V. L. D., Gazzinelli, R. T., & Figueiredo, L. T. M. (2021). Protective Immunity against Gamma and Zeta Variants after Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus Immunization. Viruses, 13(12), . https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122440
Fumagalli, Marcilio Jorge, et al. "Protective Immunity against Gamma and Zeta Variants after Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus Immunization." Viruses vol. 13,12 (2021). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122440
Fumagalli MJ, Castro-Jorge LA, Fraga-Silva TFC, de Azevedo PO, Capato CF, Rattis BAC, Hojo-Souza NS, Floriano VG, de Castro JT, Ramos SG, da Fonseca BAL, Bonato VLD, Gazzinelli RT, Figueiredo LTM. Protective Immunity against Gamma and Zeta Variants after Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus Immunization. Viruses. 2021 Dec 04;13(12). doi: 10.3390/v13122440. PMID: 34960708.
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Viruses. 2021 Dec 04;13(12). doi: 10.3390/v13122440.

Protective Immunity against Gamma and Zeta Variants after Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus Immunization.

Viruses

Marcilio Jorge Fumagalli, Luiza Antunes Castro-Jorge, Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva, Patrick Orestes de Azevedo, Carlos Fabiano Capato, Bruna Amanda Cruz Rattis, Natália Satchiko Hojo-Souza, Vitor Gonçalves Floriano, Julia Teixeira de Castro, Simone Gusmão Ramos, Benedito Antônio Lopes da Fonseca, Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato, Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli, Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo

Affiliations

  1. Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
  2. Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
  3. Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
  4. Immunopathology Laboratory, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
  5. Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
  6. Platform of Translational Medicine, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil.

PMID: 34960708 DOI: 10.3390/v13122440

Abstract

The persistent circulation of SARS-CoV-2 represents an ongoing global threat due to the emergence of new viral variants that can sometimes evade the immune system of previously exposed or vaccinated individuals. We conducted a follow-up study of adult individuals that had received an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, evaluating antibody production and neutralizing activity over a period of 6 months. In addition, we performed mice immunization with inactivated SARS-CoV-2, and evaluated the immune response and pathological outcomes against Gamma and Zeta variant infection. Vaccinated individuals produced high levels of antibodies with robust neutralizing activity, which was significantly reduced against Gamma and Zeta variants. Production of IgG anti-S antibodies and neutralizing activity robustly reduced after 6 months of vaccination. Immunized mice demonstrated cellular response against Gamma and Zeta variants, and after viral infection, reduced viral loads, IL-6 expression, and histopathological outcome in the lungs. TNF levels were unchanged in immunized or not immunized mice after infection with the Gamma variant. Furthermore, serum neutralization activity rapidly increases after infection with the Gamma and Zeta variants. Our data suggest that immunization with inactivated WT SARS-CoV-2 induces a promptly responsive cross-reactive immunity response against the Gamma and Zeta variants, reducing COVID-19 pathological outcomes.

Keywords: Gamma variant; SARS-CoV-2; Zeta variant; cross-protection; inactivated vaccine

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