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Nanotheranostics. 2022 Jan 01;6(1):10-30. doi: 10.7150/ntno.61244. eCollection 2022.

Design and synthesis of gold nanostars-based SERS nanotags for bioimaging applications.

Nanotheranostics

Bohdan Andreiuk, Fay Nicolson, Louise M Clark, Sajanlal R Panikkanvalappil, Kenry, Mohammad Rashidian, Stefan Harmsen, Moritz F Kircher

Affiliations

  1. Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
  2. Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
  3. Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
  4. Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
  5. Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
  6. Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 022115, USA.

PMID: 34976578 PMCID: PMC8671966 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.61244

Abstract

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanotags hold a unique place among bioimaging contrast agents due to their fingerprint-like spectra, which provide one of the highest degrees of detection specificity. However, in order to achieve a sufficiently high signal intensity, targeting capabilities, and biocompatibility, all components of nanotags must be rationally designed and tailored to a specific application. Design parameters include fine-tuning the properties of the plasmonic core as well as optimizing the choice of Raman reporter molecule, surface coating, and targeting moieties for the intended application. This review introduces readers to the principles of SERS nanotag design and discusses both established and emerging protocols of their synthesis, with a specific focus on the construction of SERS nanotags in the context of bioimaging and theranostics.

© The author(s).

Keywords: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering; cancer imaging; gold nanostar synthesis; near-infrared dye

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.

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