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Friedman SR, Williams LD, Guarino H, et al. The stigma system: How sociopolitical domination, scapegoating, and stigma shape public health. J Community Psychol. 2021;50(1):385-408doi: 10.1002/jcop.22581.
Friedman, S. R., Williams, L. D., Guarino, H., Mateu-Gelabert, P., Krawczyk, N., Hamilton, L., Walters, S. M., Ezell, J. M., Khan, M., Di Iorio, J., Yang, L. H., & Earnshaw, V. A. (2022). The stigma system: How sociopolitical domination, scapegoating, and stigma shape public health. Journal of community psychology, 50(1), 385-408. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22581
Friedman, Samuel R, et al. "The stigma system: How sociopolitical domination, scapegoating, and stigma shape public health." Journal of community psychology vol. 50,1 (2022): 385-408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22581
Friedman SR, Williams LD, Guarino H, Mateu-Gelabert P, Krawczyk N, Hamilton L, Walters SM, Ezell JM, Khan M, Di Iorio J, Yang LH, Earnshaw VA. The stigma system: How sociopolitical domination, scapegoating, and stigma shape public health. J Community Psychol. 2022 Jan;50(1):385-408. doi: 10.1002/jcop.22581. Epub 2021 Jun 11. PMID: 34115390; PMCID: PMC8664901.
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J Community Psychol. 2022 Jan;50(1):385-408. doi: 10.1002/jcop.22581. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

The stigma system: How sociopolitical domination, scapegoating, and stigma shape public health.

Journal of community psychology

Samuel R Friedman, Leslie D Williams, Honoria Guarino, Pedro Mateu-Gelabert, Noa Krawczyk, Leah Hamilton, Suzan M Walters, Jerel M Ezell, Maria Khan, Jorgelina Di Iorio, Lawrence H Yang, Valerie A Earnshaw

Affiliations

  1. Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
  2. Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  3. Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, New York, USA.
  4. NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, Interdisciplinary Research Training Institute on Hispanic Drug Abuse, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
  5. Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  6. Department of Medicine, Section on Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  7. Faculty of Psychology and Intercambios Civil Association, CONICET/Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  8. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
  9. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
  10. Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.

PMID: 34115390 PMCID: PMC8664901 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22581

Abstract

Stigma is a fundamental driver of adverse health outcomes. Although stigma is often studied at the individual level to focus on how stigma influences the mental and physical health of the stigmatized, considerable research has shown that stigma is multilevel and structural. This paper proposes a theoretical approach that synthesizes the literature on stigma with the literature on scapegoating and divide-and-rule as strategies that the wealthy and powerful use to maintain their power and wealth; the literatures on racial, gender, and other subordination; the literature on ideology and organization in sociopolitical systems; and the literature on resistance and rebellion against stigma, oppression and other forms of subordination. we develop a model of the "stigma system" as a dialectic of interacting and conflicting structures and processes. Understanding this system can help public health reorient stigma interventions to address the sources of stigma as well as the individual problems that stigma creates. On a broader level, this model can help those opposing stigma and its effects to develop alliances and strategies with which to oppose stigma and the processes that create it.

© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Keywords: divide and rule; domination; resistance; scapegoating; stigma; struggle; subordination

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