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Kumar M, Madeghe B, Osok-Waudo J, et al. Shifting parental roles, caregiving practices and the face of child development in low resource informal settlements of Nairobi: experiences of community health workers and school teachers. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2018;17:50doi: 10.1186/s12991-018-0219-x.
Kumar, M., Madeghe, B., Osok-Waudo, J., Wambua, G. N., & Amugune, B. K. (2018). Shifting parental roles, caregiving practices and the face of child development in low resource informal settlements of Nairobi: experiences of community health workers and school teachers. Annals of general psychiatry, 1750. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-018-0219-x
Kumar, Manasi, et al. "Shifting parental roles, caregiving practices and the face of child development in low resource informal settlements of Nairobi: experiences of community health workers and school teachers." Annals of general psychiatry vol. 17 (2018): 50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-018-0219-x
Kumar M, Madeghe B, Osok-Waudo J, Wambua GN, Amugune BK. Shifting parental roles, caregiving practices and the face of child development in low resource informal settlements of Nairobi: experiences of community health workers and school teachers. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 26;17:50. doi: 10.1186/s12991-018-0219-x. eCollection 2018. PMID: 30534188; PMCID: PMC6260887.
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Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2018 Nov 26;17:50. doi: 10.1186/s12991-018-0219-x. eCollection 2018.

Shifting parental roles, caregiving practices and the face of child development in low resource informal settlements of Nairobi: experiences of community health workers and school teachers.

Annals of general psychiatry

Manasi Kumar, Beatrice Madeghe, Judith Osok-Waudo, Grace Nduku Wambua, Beatrice Kagai Amugune

Affiliations

  1. 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya.
  2. 2Department of Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK.
  3. 3Department of Food Science Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 00200 Kenya.
  4. 4Department of Clinical Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
  5. 5School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 00200 Kenya.

PMID: 30534188 PMCID: PMC6260887 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-018-0219-x

Abstract

Approximately, 42% of the Kenyan population live below the poverty line. Rapid growth and urbanization of Kenya's population have resulted in a changing poverty and food security environment in high-density urban areas. Lack of basic food needs in Kenya affects approximately 34.8% rural population and 7.6% of its urban population. Using multi-community stakeholders such as teachers and community health workers (CHWs), this paper examined food insecurity and its consequences on caregiving practices and child development. A qualitative study design was utilized. Key informant interviews and focused-group discussions with four primary school teachers and three CHWs and a nurse in-charge working within Kariobangi and Kangemi were applied to elicit various perspectives from family-, school- and community-level challenges that influence caregiving practices and child development. Grounded theory method was applied for qualitative data sifting and thematic analysis. Our findings exposed various challenges at the school, family and the community levels that affect caregiving practices and consequent child development. School-level challenges included lack of adequate amenities for effective learning, food insecurity, absenteeism and mental health challenges. Family-level barriers included lack of parenting skills, financial constraints, domestic violence and lack of social support, while community challenges such as unemployment, poor living conditions, cultural practices, lack of social support and poor community follow-up mechanisms contributed to poor parenting practices and child development. Parenting practices and holistic child development strategies in resource poor settings should focus on parenting skills, food security, quality education and addressing parents and children's mental health challenges.

Keywords: Child development; Parenting practices; Teachers and community health workers perspective

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