Sleep Health. 2021 Feb;7(1):43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.06.009. Epub 2020 Aug 02.
The relationship between depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and concussion history with poor sleep in collegiate athletes.
Sleep health
Tyler C Duffield, Miranda M Lim, Melissa Novak, Amber Lin, Madison Luther, Cydni N Williams, Juan Piantino
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
- Department of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
- Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Critical Care and Neurotrauma Recovery Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Critical Care and Neurotrauma Recovery Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
PMID: 32758413
PMCID: PMC7855746 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.06.009
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Ongoing exploration of factors related to poor sleep in collegiate athletes is important as understanding of the risks and consequences of poor sleep in this specific population increases.
DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
SETTING: University in the Pacific Northwest.
PARTICIPANTS: One-hundred thirty-seven male and female collegiate athletes across 5 collision, contact, and limited contact team sports.
MEASUREMENTS: Depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 9; PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms (General Anxiety Disorder 7; GAD-7), and somatic complaints (Patient Health Questionnaire 15; PHQ-15). Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSQI) used both a cutoff score ≥6 and a cutoff score of ≥8, indicating "poor sleep quality" to reduce threats to divergent validity.
RESULTS: Poor sleep quality as defined by PSQI ≥ 6 was present in 53% of athletes, and as defined by PSQI ≥ 8 was identified in 33.5% of the cohort. There were no differences in the incidence of poor sleepers between sport, race/ethnicity, or sex. Multiple regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, Caucasian race, male sex, and number of concussions were significant predictors of poor sleep (P < .05). The model accounted for 43% of the variance in PSQI and primarily by depressive symptoms explaining 9% of reported sleep quality variability. Anxiety symptoms, sport category, and history of migraines were not significant predictors of poor sleep quality.
CONCLUSIONS: A high incidence of poor sleep among collegiate athletes was observed regardless of sport, and may be related to depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, Caucasian race, male sex, and historical number of concussions.
Copyright © 2020 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Collegiate athletics; Depression; Race; Sex; Sleep; Somatic complaints; Sport related concussion
References
- Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2001 May;80(5):339-45 - PubMed
- Eur J Sport Sci. 2016 Oct;16(7):850-8 - PubMed
- Br J Sports Med. 2019 Jun;53(11):667-699 - PubMed
- Curr Sports Med Rep. 2015 Jan;14(1):56-60 - PubMed
- Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2019 Feb 1;34(1):60-69 - PubMed
- Sleep Med. 2019 Jun;58:66-74 - PubMed
- Psychosom Med. 2002 Mar-Apr;64(2):258-66 - PubMed
- J Am Coll Health. 2019 Sep 9;:1-8 - PubMed
- Physiol Behav. 2013 Aug 15;120:93-6 - PubMed
- Sleep. 2007 Jul;30(7):873-80 - PubMed
- Sleep Health. 2018 Jun;4(3):251-257 - PubMed
- Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15(2):94-100 - PubMed
- J Adolesc Health. 2010 Feb;46(2):124-32 - PubMed
- J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13 - PubMed
- Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2011 Jan;81(1):101-7 - PubMed
- J Pediatr Orthop. 2014 Mar;34(2):129-33 - PubMed
- J Clin Sleep Med. 2016 Aug 15;12(8):1121-9 - PubMed
- Behav Sleep Med. 2005;3(3):113-33 - PubMed
- Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7 - PubMed
- J Pediatr Orthop. 2019 May/Jun;39(5):e324-e333 - PubMed
- Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213 - PubMed
- Biol Psychiatry. 1996 Mar 15;39(6):411-8 - PubMed
- Chronobiol Int. 2006;23(6):1317-28 - PubMed
- Nat Sci Sleep. 2018 Aug 24;10:243-253 - PubMed
- J Adolesc Health. 2010 Jun;46(6):610-2 - PubMed
- Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Dec 15;166(12):1368-73 - PubMed
- J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005 Jan;11(1):58-69 - PubMed
- J Am Coll Health. 2012;60(5):415-9 - PubMed
- PLoS One. 2010 Mar 19;5(3):e9775 - PubMed
- Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998 Apr 1;23(7):828-33 - PubMed
- Sleep. 2017 May 1;40(5): - PubMed
- Br J Sports Med. 2019 Feb;53(4):213-225 - PubMed
- Br J Sports Med. 2019 Jun;53(12):731-736 - PubMed
- Psychiatry Res. 2010 Mar 30;176(1):34-9 - PubMed
- J Psychosom Res. 2004 Feb;56(2):231-7 - PubMed
- Orthop J Sports Med. 2019 Apr 01;7(4):2325967119835375 - PubMed
- J Sports Sci. 2015;33(3):293-9 - PubMed
- Ann Intern Med. 2007 Mar 6;146(5):317-25 - PubMed
- Am J Sports Med. 2016 Sep;44(9):2269-75 - PubMed
- Br J Sports Med. 2017 Jun;51(12):941-948 - PubMed
- Sleep. 2009 Aug;32(8):1027-37 - PubMed
- Pediatrics. 2014 Sep;134(3):e921-32 - PubMed
- Sleep Med. 2012 Aug;13(7):898-905 - PubMed
Publication Types
Grant support