Display options
Share it on

J Dent Educ. 2022 Jan;86(1):88-97. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12787. Epub 2021 Sep 23.

Entrustable professional activities framework for assessment of patient handoffs in dentistry.

Journal of dental education

Vidya Ramaswamy, Stephanie M Munz, Romesh Nalliah, Mark Fitzgerald, Irina F Dragan, Nadeem Karimbux, Katherine Shin, Theodora E Danciu

Affiliations

  1. Associate Director of Curriculum and Program Evaluation, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
  2. Director of General Practice Residency, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
  3. Associate Dean for Patient Services, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
  4. Associate Dean, Community-based Collaborative Care and Education, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
  5. Director of Faculty Education and Instructional Development, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  6. Dean, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  7. Office of Academic Affairs, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
  8. Director of Engaged Learning and Assessment, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

PMID: 34554573 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12787

Abstract

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to report data on the lack of a proper patient handoff system in dentistry and dental education and to present a possible solution to integrate this into curriculum using the "entrustable professional activities" (EPAs) framework.

METHODS: Delphi participants from seven US dental schools provided feedback on a preliminary definition of handoff, a mnemonic and an assessment rubric. 2019 American Dental Education Association Commission on Change and Innovation in Dental Education (ADEA CCI) participants further evaluated the handoff EPA using the EQual rubric for EPA quality and structure.

RESULTS: Delphi participants identified points of transition in dentistry, selected the D-PASS as a mnemonic, and agreed with the evaluation rubric. The ADEA CCI participants agreed the handoff EPA describes work that is essential for the profession and suitable for entrustment.

CONCLUSION: The D-PASS rubric is an effective way to assess patient handoffs.

© 2021 American Dental Education Association.

Keywords: EPAs; assessment rubric; entrustable professional activities; handoff; mnemonic; transition of care

References

  1. The Joint Commission Center for Transforming Healthcare. Improving transitions of care: hand-off communications. The Joint Commission. Illinois: Oakbook Terrace; 2014. - PubMed
  2. Wolcott MD, Mason MR, Broome AM, Tittemore AJ, De Rossi SS, Quinonez RB. Faculty perspectives of an entrustable professional activity (EPA) framework in predoctoral dental education. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(9):955-963. - PubMed
  3. ten Cate O, Young JQ. The patient handover as an entrustable professional activity: adding meaning in teaching and practice. BMJ Quality ( Safety. 2012;21(1):i9-i12. - PubMed
  4. Arora VM, Manjarrez E, Dressler DD, Basaviah P, Halasyamani L, Kripalani S. Hospitalist handoffs: a systematic review and task force recommendations. J Hosp Med. 2009;4(7):433-440. - PubMed
  5. Young JQ, Wachter RM. Academic year-end transfers of outpatients from outgoing to incoming residents: an unaddressed patient safety issue. JAMA. 2009;302(12):1327-1329. - PubMed
  6. Joint Commssioin on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Approved: standards revisions addressing patient flow through the emergency department. Jt Comm Perspect. 2012;32(7):1, 3-5. - PubMed
  7. ten Cate O. Entrustability of professional activities and competency-based training. Med Educ. 2005;39(12):1176-1177. - PubMed
  8. Ten Cate O. Nuts and bolts of entrustable professional activities. J Grad Med Educ. 2013;5(1):157-158. - PubMed
  9. Ramaswamy V, Fitzgerald M, Danciu T, et al. Entrustable professional activities framework for assessment in predoctoral dental education, developed using a modified Delphi process. J Dent Educ. 2021;85:1349-1361. - PubMed
  10. Englander R, Flynn T, Call S, et al. Toward defining the foundation of the MD degree: core entrustable professional activities for entering residency. Acad Med. 2016;91(10):1352-1358. - PubMed
  11. Aylward M, Nixon J, Gladding S. An entrustable professional activity (EPA) for handoffs as a model for EPA assessment development. Acad Med. 2014;89(10):1335-1340. - PubMed
  12. Starmer AJ, Spector ND, Srivastava R, Allen AD, Landrigan CP, Sectish TC. I-pass, a mnemonic to standardize verbal handoffs. Pediatrics. 2012;129(2):201-204. - PubMed
  13. Sectish TC, Starmer AJ, Landrigan CP, Spector ND. Establishing a multisite education and research project requires leadership, expertise, collaboration, and an important aim. Pediatrics. 2010;126(4):619-622. - PubMed
  14. Coffey M, Thomson K, Li SA, et al. Resident experiences with implementation of the I-PASS handoff bundle. J Grad Med Educ. 2017;9(3):313-320. - PubMed
  15. Riesenberg LA, Leitzsch J, Little BW. Systematic review of handoff mnemonics literature. Am J Med Qual. 2009;24(3):196-204. - PubMed
  16. Starmer AJ, Spector ND, West DC, et al. Integrating research, quality improvement, and medical education for better handoffs and safer care: disseminating, adapting, and implementing the I-PASS program. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2017;43(7):319-329. - PubMed
  17. Ramaswamy V, Karimbux N, Dragan IF, Mehta NR, Danciu T. The status of interdisciplinary education in advanced education programs at U.S. dental schools. J Dent Educ. 2018;82(11):1213-1219. - PubMed
  18. Taylor DR, Park YS, Egan R, et al. EQual, a novel rubric to evaluate entrustable professional activities for quality and structure. Acad Med. 2017;92:S110. - PubMed
  19. Ten Cate O, Schwartz A, Chen HC. Assessing trainees and making entrustment decisions: on the nature and use of entrustment-supervision scales. Acad Med. 2020;95(11):1662-1669. - PubMed
  20. Leenstra NF, Johnson A, Jung OC, Holman ND, Hofstra LS, Tulleken JE. Challenges for conducting and teaching handovers as collaborative conversations: an interview study at teaching ICUs. Perspect Med Educ. 2018;7(5):302-310. - PubMed
  21. Starmer AJ, Spector ND, Srivastava R, et al. Changes in medical errors after implementation of a handoff program. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(19):1803-1812. - PubMed

MeSH terms

Publication Types

Grant support