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Valtonen RIP, Hintsala HHE, Kiviniemi A, et al. Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021;122(1):223-232doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04826-x.
Valtonen, R. I. P., Hintsala, H. H. E., Kiviniemi, A., Kenttä, T., Crandall, C., van Marken Lichtenbelt, W., Perkiömäki, J., Hautala, A., Jaakkola, J. J. K., & Ikäheimo, T. M. (2022). Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients. European journal of applied physiology, 122(1), 223-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04826-x
Valtonen, Rasmus I P, et al. "Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients." European journal of applied physiology vol. 122,1 (2022): 223-232. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04826-x
Valtonen RIP, Hintsala HHE, Kiviniemi A, Kenttä T, Crandall C, van Marken Lichtenbelt W, Perkiömäki J, Hautala A, Jaakkola JJK, Ikäheimo TM. Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 Jan;122(1):223-232. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04826-x. Epub 2021 Oct 16. PMID: 34655331.
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Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 Jan;122(1):223-232. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04826-x. Epub 2021 Oct 16.

Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients.

European journal of applied physiology

Rasmus I P Valtonen, Heidi H E Hintsala, Antti Kiviniemi, Tuomas Kenttä, Craig Crandall, Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt, Juha Perkiömäki, Arto Hautala, Jouni J K Jaakkola, Tiina M Ikäheimo

Affiliations

  1. Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
  2. Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
  3. Centria University of Applied Sciences, Kokkola, Finland.
  4. Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
  5. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, USA.
  6. Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
  7. Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
  8. Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. [email protected].
  9. Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. [email protected].
  10. Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. [email protected].

PMID: 34655331 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04826-x

Abstract

PURPOSE: Upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment may increase cardiovascular strain, which could be detrimental to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study compared cardiovascular responses of CAD patients during graded upper-body dynamic and static exercise in cold and neutral environments.

METHODS: 20 patients with stable CAD performed 30 min of progressive dynamic (light, moderate, and heavy rating of perceived exertion) and static (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction) upper body exercise in cold (- 15 °C) and neutral (+ 22 °C) environments. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiographic (ECG) responses were recorded and rate pressure product (RPP) calculated.

RESULTS: Dynamic-graded upper-body exercise in the cold increased HR by 2.3-4.8% (p = 0.002-0.040), MAP by 3.9-5.9% (p = 0.038-0.454) and RPP by 18.1-24.4% (p = 0.002-0.020) when compared to the neutral environment. Static graded upper-body exercise in the cold resulted in higher MAP (6.3-9.1%; p = 0.000-0.014), lower HR (4.1-7.2%; p = 0.009-0.033), but unaltered RPP compared to a neutral environment. Heavy dynamic exercise resulted in ST depression that was not related to temperature. Otherwise, ECG was largely unaltered during exercise in either thermal condition.

CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic- and static-graded upper-body exercise in the cold involves higher cardiovascular strain compared with a neutral environment among patients with stable CAD. However, no marked changes in electric cardiac function were observed. The results support the use of upper-body exercise in the cold in patients with stable CAD.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial registration NCT02855905 August 2016.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Keywords: Cold; Coronary artery disease; Dynamic; Exercise; Static; Upper body

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