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Surowiec RK, Allen MR, Wallace JM. Bone hydration: How we can evaluate it, what can it tell us, and is it an effective therapeutic target?. Bone Rep. 2021;16:101161doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101161.
Surowiec, R. K., Allen, M. R., & Wallace, J. M. (2022). Bone hydration: How we can evaluate it, what can it tell us, and is it an effective therapeutic target?. Bone reports, 16101161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101161
Surowiec, Rachel K, et al. "Bone hydration: How we can evaluate it, what can it tell us, and is it an effective therapeutic target?." Bone reports vol. 16 (2022): 101161. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101161
Surowiec RK, Allen MR, Wallace JM. Bone hydration: How we can evaluate it, what can it tell us, and is it an effective therapeutic target?. Bone Rep. 2021 Dec 21;16:101161. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101161. eCollection 2022 Jun. PMID: 35005101; PMCID: PMC8718737.
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Bone Rep. 2021 Dec 21;16:101161. doi: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101161. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Bone hydration: How we can evaluate it, what can it tell us, and is it an effective therapeutic target?.

Bone reports

Rachel K Surowiec, Matthew R Allen, Joseph M Wallace

Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
  3. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States.

PMID: 35005101 PMCID: PMC8718737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101161

Abstract

Water constitutes roughly a quarter of the cortical bone by volume yet can greatly influence mechanical properties and tissue quality. There is a growing appreciation for how water can dynamically change due to age, disease, and treatment. A key emerging area related to bone mechanical and tissue properties lies in differentiating the role of water in its four different compartments, including free/pore water, water loosely bound at the collagen/mineral interfaces, water tightly bound within collagen triple helices, and structural water within the mineral. This review summarizes our current knowledge of bone water across the four functional compartments and discusses how alterations in each compartment relate to mechanical changes. It provides an overview on the advent of- and improvements to- imaging and spectroscopic techniques able to probe nano-and molecular scales of bone water. These technical advances have led to an emerging understanding of how bone water changes in various conditions, of which aging, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and osteogenesis imperfecta are reviewed. Finally, it summarizes work focused on therapeutically targeting water to improve mechanical properties.

© 2021 The Authors.

Keywords: Bone water; Bound water; Free water; Material quality; Mechanical properties; Skeletal imaging; Structural water

Conflict of interest statement

Rachel K. Surowiec: No conflict of interest to report. Matthew R. Allen: No conflict of interest to report. Joseph M. Wallace: No conflict of interest to report.

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