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Anantharaj A, Gujjar S, Verma N, et al. Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses. J Clin Virol. 2021;146:105060doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105060.
Anantharaj, A., Gujjar, S., Verma, N., Khan, N. A., Shaman, H., Sharanabasava, P., Das, A., Pandey, R., Pandey, A. K., & Medigeshi, G. R. (2022). Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 146105060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105060
Anantharaj, Anbalagan, et al. "Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses." Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology vol. 146 (2022): 105060. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105060
Anantharaj A, Gujjar S, Verma N, Khan NA, Shaman H, Sharanabasava P, Das A, Pandey R, Pandey AK, Medigeshi GR. Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses. J Clin Virol. 2022 Jan;146:105060. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105060. Epub 2021 Dec 21. PMID: 34971849; PMCID: PMC8687718.
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J Clin Virol. 2022 Jan;146:105060. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105060. Epub 2021 Dec 21.

Resolution of viral load in mild COVID-19 patients is associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

Anbalagan Anantharaj, Sunil Gujjar, Nikhil Verma, Naseem Ahmed Khan, Heena Shaman, Patil Sharanabasava, Asim Das, Rajesh Pandey, Anil Kumar Pandey, Guruprasad R Medigeshi

Affiliations

  1. Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana. India.
  2. Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana. India.
  3. Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
  4. CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.
  5. Bioassay Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana. India; Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana. India. Electronic address: [email protected].

PMID: 34971849 PMCID: PMC8687718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105060

Abstract

Over 90% of the COVID-19 patients manifest mild/moderate symptoms or are asymptomatic. Although comorbidities and dysregulation of immune response have been implicated in severe COVID-19, the host factors that associate with asymptomatic or mild infections have not been characterized. We have collected serial samples from 23 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms and measured the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in respiratory samples and markers of inflammation in serum samples. We monitored seroconversion during the acute phase of illness and quantitated the amount of total IgG against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 and estimated the virus neutralization potential of these antibodies. Viral load decreased by day 8 in all the patients but the detection of viral RNA in saliva samples did not correlate well with viral RNA detection in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab samples. 25% of the virus-positive patients had no detectable neutralizing antibodies in the serum and in other cases, the efficiency of antibodies to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 B1.1.7 strain was lower as compared to the circulating virus isolate. Decrease in viral load coincided with increase in neutralizing antibodies and interferon levels in serum. Most patients showed no increase in inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β or IL-6, however, elevated levels of IL-7 and other inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-8 was observed. These data suggest that most mild infections are associated with absence of inflammation coupled with an active innate immune response, T-cell activation and neutralizing antibodies.

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Antibodies; COVID-19; Cytokines; Inflammation; PRNT; SARS-CoV-2

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