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Kowluru A, Gleason NF. Underappreciated roles for Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) in cell function: Lessons learned from the pancreatic islet β-cell. Biochem Pharmacol. 2021;197:114886doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114886.
Kowluru, A., & Gleason, N. F. (2021). Underappreciated roles for Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) in cell function: Lessons learned from the pancreatic islet β-cell. Biochemical pharmacology, 197114886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114886
Kowluru, Anjaneyulu, and Gleason, Noah F. "Underappreciated roles for Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) in cell function: Lessons learned from the pancreatic islet β-cell." Biochemical pharmacology vol. 197 (2021): 114886. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114886
Kowluru A, Gleason NF. Underappreciated roles for Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) in cell function: Lessons learned from the pancreatic islet β-cell. Biochem Pharmacol. 2021 Dec 28;197:114886. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114886. Epub 2021 Dec 28. PMID: 34968495.
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Biochem Pharmacol. 2021 Dec 28;197:114886. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114886. Epub 2021 Dec 28.

Underappreciated roles for Rho GDP dissociation inhibitors (RhoGDIs) in cell function: Lessons learned from the pancreatic islet β-cell.

Biochemical pharmacology

Anjaneyulu Kowluru, Noah F Gleason

Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. Electronic address: [email protected].
  2. Biomedical Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

PMID: 34968495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114886

Abstract

Rho subfamily of G proteins (e.g., Rac1) have been implicated in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell. Interestingly, metabolic stress (e.g., chronic exposure to high glucose) results in sustained activation of Rac1 leading to increased oxidative stress, impaired insulin secretion and β-cell dysfunction. Activation-deactivation of Rho G proteins is mediated by three classes of regulatory proteins, namely the guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which facilitate the conversion of inactive G proteins to their active conformations; the GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), which convert the active G proteins to their inactive forms); and the GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which prevent the dissociation of GDP from G proteins. Contrary to a large number of GEFs (82 members) and GAPs (69 members), only three members of RhoGDIs (RhoGDIα, RhoGDIβ and RhoGDIγ) are expressed in mammalian cells.Even though relatively smaller in number, the GDIs appear to play essential roles in G protein function (e.g., subcellular targeting) for effector activation and cell regulation. Emerging evidence also suggests that the GDIs are functionally regulated via post-translational modification (e.g., phosphorylation) and by lipid second messengers, lipid kinases and lipid phosphatases. We highlight the underappreciated regulatory roles of RhoGDI-Rho G protein signalome in islet β-cell function in health and metabolic stress. Potential knowledge gaps in the field, and directions for future research for the identification of novel therapeutic targets to loss of functional β-cell mass under the duress of metabolic stress are highlighted.

Published by Elsevier Inc.

Keywords: Diabetes; Insulin secretion; Metabolic stress; Pancreatic islet; Rho G proteins; RhoGDIs

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