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Bilski J, Pierzchalski P, Szczepanik M, et al. Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines. Cells. 2022;11(1)doi: 10.3390/cells11010160.
Bilski, J., Pierzchalski, P., Szczepanik, M., Bonior, J., & Zoladz, J. A. (2022). Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines. Cells, 11(1), . https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11010160
Bilski, Jan, et al. "Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines." Cells vol. 11,1 (2022). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11010160
Bilski J, Pierzchalski P, Szczepanik M, Bonior J, Zoladz JA. Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines. Cells. 2022 Jan 04;11(1). doi: 10.3390/cells11010160. PMID: 35011721; PMCID: PMC8750433.
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Cells. 2022 Jan 04;11(1). doi: 10.3390/cells11010160.

Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines.

Cells

Jan Bilski, Piotr Pierzchalski, Marian Szczepanik, Joanna Bonior, Jerzy A Zoladz

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland.
  2. Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland.
  3. Department of Medical Biology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
  4. Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland.

PMID: 35011721 PMCID: PMC8750433 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010160

Abstract

Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults' health. Because of the complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements and challenges in identifying and diagnosing SO. Recently, it has become clear that dysbiosis may play a role in the onset and progression of sarcopenia and SO. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines during contraction, which play an important role in controlling muscle growth, function, and metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause and aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO. The only ways to prevent and slow the progression of sarcopenia, particularly sarcopenic obesity, are physical activity and correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely prevent sarcopenia and age-related loss in muscular function, it can certainly delay development and slow down the rate of sarcopenia. The purpose of this review was to discuss potential pathways to muscle deterioration in obese individuals. We also want to present the current understanding of the role of various factors, including microbiota and myokines, in the process of sarcopenia and SO.

Keywords: adipokines; adipose tissue; ageing; exercise; microbiota; myokines; sarcopenia; sarcopenic obesity; skeletal muscle

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