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Bonfrate L, Grattagliano I, Palasciano G, et al. Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2014;3(1):12-21doi: 10.1093/gastro/gou068.
Bonfrate, L., Grattagliano, I., Palasciano, G., & Portincasa, P. (2015). Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying. Gastroenterology report, 3(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/gou068
Bonfrate, Leonilde, et al. "Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying." Gastroenterology report vol. 3,1 (2015): 12-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gastro/gou068
Bonfrate L, Grattagliano I, Palasciano G, Portincasa P. Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2015 Feb;3(1):12-21. doi: 10.1093/gastro/gou068. Epub 2014 Oct 21. PMID: 25339354; PMCID: PMC4324868.
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Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2015 Feb;3(1):12-21. doi: 10.1093/gastro/gou068. Epub 2014 Oct 21.

Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying.

Gastroenterology report

Leonilde Bonfrate, Ignazio Grattagliano, Giuseppe Palasciano, Piero Portincasa

Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica 'A. Murri', University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy and Italian College of General Practitioners, Florence and Bari, Italy.
  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica 'A. Murri', University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy and Italian College of General Practitioners, Florence and Bari, Italy [email protected].

PMID: 25339354 PMCID: PMC4324868 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gou068

Abstract

In gastroenterological practice, breath tests (BTs) are diagnostic tools used for indirect, non-invasive assessment of several pathophysiological metabolic processes, by monitoring the appearance in breath of a metabolite of a specific substrate. Labelled substrates originally employed radioactive carbon 14 ((14)C) and, more recently, the stable carbon 13 isotope ((13)C) has been introduced to label specific substrates. The ingested (13)C-substrate is metabolized, and exhaled (13)CO2 is measured by mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy. Some (13)C-BTs evaluate specific (microsomal, cytosolic, and mitochondrial) hepatic metabolic pathways and can be employed in liver diseases (i.e. simple liver steatosis, non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, drug and alcohol effects). Another field of clinical application for (13)C-BTs is the assessment of gastric emptying kinetics in response to liquids ((13)C-acetate) or solids ((13)C-octanoic acid in egg yolk or in a pre-packed muffin or the (13)C-Spirulina platensis given with a meal or a biscuit). Studies have shown that (13)C-BTs, used for gastric emptying studies, yield results that are comparable to scintigraphy and can be useful in detecting either delayed- (gastroparesis) or accelerated gastric emptying or changes of gastric kinetics due to pharmacological effects. Thus, (13)C-BTs represent an indirect, cost-effective and easy method of evaluating dynamic liver function and gastric kinetics in health and disease, and several other potential applications are being studied.

© The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press and the Digestive Science Publishing Co. Limited.

Keywords: breath tests; gastric motility; hepatic metabolism; scintigraphy; stable isotope

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