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Hoogsteen J, Bennekers JH, van der Wall EE, et al. Recommendations and cardiological evaluation of athletes with arrhythmias: Part 2. Neth Heart J. 2004;12(5):214-222
Hoogsteen, J., Bennekers, J. H., van der Wall, E. E., van Hemel, N. M., Wilde, A. A., Crijns, H. J., Gorgels, A. P., Smeets, J. L., Hauer, R. N., Jordaens, J. L., & Schalij, M. J. (2004). Recommendations and cardiological evaluation of athletes with arrhythmias: Part 2. Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation, 12(5), 214-222.
Hoogsteen, J, et al. "Recommendations and cardiological evaluation of athletes with arrhythmias: Part 2." Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation vol. 12,5 (2004): 214-222.
Hoogsteen J, Bennekers JH, van der Wall EE, van Hemel NM, Wilde AA, Crijns HJ, Gorgels AP, Smeets JL, Hauer RN, Jordaens JL, Schalij MJ. Recommendations and cardiological evaluation of athletes with arrhythmias: Part 2. Neth Heart J. 2004 May;12(5):214-222. PMID: 25696329; PMCID: PMC2497109.
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Neth Heart J. 2004 May;12(5):214-222.

Recommendations and cardiological evaluation of athletes with arrhythmias: Part 2.

Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation

J Hoogsteen, J H Bennekers, E E van der Wall, N M van Hemel, A A M Wilde, H J G M Crijns, A P M Gorgels, J L R M Smeets, R N W Hauer, J L M Jordaens, M J Schalij

PMID: 25696329 PMCID: PMC2497109

Abstract

Confronted with a competitive or recreational athlete, the physician has to discriminate between benign, paraphysiological and pathological arrhythmias. Benign arrhythmias do not represent a risk for SCD, nor do they induce haemodynamic consequences during athletic activities. These arrhythmias are not markers for heart disease. Paraphysiological arrhythmias are related to athletic performance. Long periods of endurance training induce changes in rhythm, conduction and repolarisation. These changes are fully reversible and disappear when the sport is terminated. Pathological arrhythmias have haemodynamic consequences and express disease, such as sick sinus syndrome, cardiomyopathy or inverse consequences of physical training. Arrhythmias can be classified as bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias. Conduction disorders can be seen in fast as well as in slow arrhythmias.

Keywords: arrhythmias; athletes; evaluation; recommendations

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