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Gwadz M, Cleland CM, Jenness SM, et al. Exploring Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing among Heterosexuals at High Risk for HIV Infection Recruited with Venue-based Sampling. J AIDS Clin Res. 2016;7(2)doi: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000544.
Gwadz, M., Cleland, C. M., Jenness, S. M., Silverman, E., Hagan, H., Ritchie, A. S., Leonard, N. R., McCright-Gill, T., Martinez, B., Swain, Q., Kutnick, A., & Sherpa, D. (2016). Exploring Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing among Heterosexuals at High Risk for HIV Infection Recruited with Venue-based Sampling. Journal of AIDS & clinical research, 7(2), . https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000544
Gwadz, Marya, et al. "Exploring Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing among Heterosexuals at High Risk for HIV Infection Recruited with Venue-based Sampling." Journal of AIDS & clinical research vol. 7,2 (2016). doi: https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000544
Gwadz M, Cleland CM, Jenness SM, Silverman E, Hagan H, Ritchie AS, Leonard NR, McCright-Gill T, Martinez B, Swain Q, Kutnick A, Sherpa D. Exploring Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing among Heterosexuals at High Risk for HIV Infection Recruited with Venue-based Sampling. J AIDS Clin Res. 2016 Feb;7(2). doi: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000544. Epub 2016 Feb 15. PMID: 27104046; PMCID: PMC4836844.
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J AIDS Clin Res. 2016 Feb;7(2). doi: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000544. Epub 2016 Feb 15.

Exploring Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing among Heterosexuals at High Risk for HIV Infection Recruited with Venue-based Sampling.

Journal of AIDS & clinical research

Marya Gwadz, Charles M Cleland, Samuel M Jenness, Elizabeth Silverman, Holly Hagan, Amanda S Ritchie, Noelle R Leonard, Talaya McCright-Gill, Belkis Martinez, Quentin Swain, Alexandra Kutnick, Dawa Sherpa

Affiliations

  1. New York University College of Nursing, USA.
  2. Emory University, USA.
  3. New York University College of Nursing, USA; The BCAP Collaborative Research Team, USA.

PMID: 27104046 PMCID: PMC4836844 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000544

Abstract

Annual HIV testing is recommended for high-risk populations in the United States, to identify HIV infections early and provide timely linkage to treatment. However, heterosexuals at high risk for HIV, due to their residence in urban areas of high poverty and elevated HIV prevalence, test for HIV less frequently than other risk groups, and late diagnosis of HIV is common. Yet the factors impeding HIV testing in this group, which is predominantly African American/Black and Latino/Hispanic, are poorly understood. The present study addresses this gap. Using a systematic community-based sampling method, venue-based sampling (VBS), we estimate rates of lifetime and recent (past year) HIV testing among high-risk heterosexuals (HRH), and explore a set of putative multi-level barriers to and facilitators of recent testing, by gender. Participants were 338 HRH African American/Black and Latino/Hispanic adults recruited using VBS, who completed a computerized structured assessment battery guided by the Theory of Triadic Influence, comprised of reliable/valid measures on socio-demographic characteristics, HIV testing history, and multi-level barriers to HIV testing. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with HIV testing within the past year. Most HRH had tested at least once (94%), and more than half had tested within the past year (58%), but only 37% tested annually. In both men and women, the odds of recent testing were similar and associated with structural factors (better access to testing) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing and diagnosis. Thus VBS identified serious gaps in rates of annual HIV testing among HRH. Improvements in access to high-quality HIV testing and leveraging of STI testing are needed to increase the proportion of HRH testing annually for HIV. Such improvements could increase early detection of HIV, improve the long-term health of individuals, and reduce HIV transmission by increasing rates of viral suppression.

Keywords: Access; HIV testing; Heterosexuals; Individual barriers; Seek test treat and retain; Sex difference; Social barriers; Structural barriers; Venue-based sampling

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