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Wilson KJ, Surowiec RK, Ho CP, et al. Quantifiable Imaging Biomarkers for Evaluation of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Using 3-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Feasibility Study. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016;4(4):2325967116639044doi: 10.1177/2325967116639044.
Wilson, K. J., Surowiec, R. K., Ho, C. P., Devitt, B. M., Fripp, J., Smith, W. S., Spiegl, U. J., Dornan, G. J., & LaPrade, R. F. (2016). Quantifiable Imaging Biomarkers for Evaluation of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Using 3-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Feasibility Study. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 4(4), 2325967116639044. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116639044
Wilson, Katharine J, et al. "Quantifiable Imaging Biomarkers for Evaluation of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Using 3-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Feasibility Study." Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine vol. 4,4 (2016): 2325967116639044. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967116639044
Wilson KJ, Surowiec RK, Ho CP, Devitt BM, Fripp J, Smith WS, Spiegl UJ, Dornan GJ, LaPrade RF. Quantifiable Imaging Biomarkers for Evaluation of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Using 3-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Feasibility Study. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016 Apr 08;4(4):2325967116639044. doi: 10.1177/2325967116639044. eCollection 2016 Apr. PMID: 27104206; PMCID: PMC4827116.
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Orthop J Sports Med. 2016 Apr 08;4(4):2325967116639044. doi: 10.1177/2325967116639044. eCollection 2016 Apr.

Quantifiable Imaging Biomarkers for Evaluation of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Using 3-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Feasibility Study.

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine

Katharine J Wilson, Rachel K Surowiec, Charles P Ho, Brian M Devitt, Jurgen Fripp, W Sean Smith, Ulrich J Spiegl, Grant J Dornan, Robert F LaPrade

Affiliations

  1. Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.
  2. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Digital Productivity and Services Flagship, The Australian eHealth Research Centre, Queensland, Australia.
  3. Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, USA.

PMID: 27104206 PMCID: PMC4827116 DOI: 10.1177/2325967116639044

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as T2 and T2 star (T2*) mapping, have been used to evaluate ligamentous tissue in vitro and to identify significant changes in structural integrity of a healing ligament. These studies lay the foundation for a clinical study that uses quantitative mapping to evaluate ligaments in vivo, particularly the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). To establish quantitative mapping as a clinical tool for identifying and evaluating chronic or acute PCL injuries, T2 and T2* values first must be determined for an asymptomatic population.

PURPOSE: To quantify T2 and T2* mapping properties, including texture variables (entropy, variance, contrast, homogeneity), of the PCL in an asymptomatic population. It was hypothesized that biomarker values would be consistent throughout the ligament, as measured across 3 clinically relevant subregions (proximal, middle, and distal thirds) in the asymptomatic cohort.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS: Unilateral knee MRI scans were acquired for 25 asymptomatic subjects with a 3.0-T MRI system using T2 and T2* mapping sequences in the sagittal plane. The PCL was manually segmented and divided into thirds (proximal, middle, and distal). Summary statistics for T2 and T2* values were calculated. Intra- and interrater reliability was assessed across 3 raters to 2 time points.

RESULTS: The asymptomatic PCL cohort had mean T2 values of 36.7, 29.2, and 29.6 ms in the distal, middle, and proximal regions, respectively. The distal PCL exhibited significantly higher mean, variance, and contrast and lower homogeneity of T2 values than the middle and proximal subregions (P < .05). T2* results exhibited substantial positive skew and were therefore presented as median and quartile (Q) values. Median T2* values were 7.3 ms (Q1-Q3, 6.8-8.9 ms), 7.3 ms (Q1-Q3, 7.0-8.5 ms), and 7.3 ms (Q1-Q3, 6.4-8.2 ms) in the distal, middle, and proximal subregions, respectively.

CONCLUSION: This is the first study to identify T2 and T2* mapping values, and their texture variables, for the asymptomatic PCL. The distal third of the PCL had significantly greater T2 values than the proximal or middle thirds.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: T2 and T2* values of the asymptomatic PCL can provide a baseline for comparison with acute and chronic PCL injuries in future studies.

Keywords: MRI; T2 mapping; T2* mapping; asymptomatic; posterior cruciate ligament

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