Nutr Res Pract. 2016 Aug;10(4):418-23. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.418. Epub 2016 Apr 22.
The influence of obesity on the effects of spirulina supplementation in the human metabolic response of Korean elderly.
Nutrition research and practice
Hee-Jung Park, Hyun-Sook Lee
Affiliations
Affiliations
- Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea.
- Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan 47011, Korea.
PMID: 27478549
PMCID: PMC4958645 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.418
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Spirulina, a blue-green alga, is widely produced and commercialized as a dietary supplement with bio- and immune-modulatory functions. We have previously shown that spirulina had favorable effects on lipid profiles, immune functions, and antioxidant capacity in healthy Korean elderly. Despite favorable effect of spirulina supplementation, some sub-populations have shown a poor response to supplementation. Obesity is a factor related to poor-response. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the immuno-modulation, antioxidant capacity, and lipid-lowering effect of spirulina in obese and non-obese Korean elderly.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 78 elderly aged 60-87 years. In a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects were fed either placebo or spirulina daily, at 8 g for 12 weeks. Subjects were divided into the non-obese group and the obese group based on body mass index (BMI) criteria for Asians suggested by the International Obesity Task Force: BMI < 25 kg/m(2) (non-obese) and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) (obese).
RESULTS: In the non-obese group, spirulina supplementation showed a significant lowering effect on plasma concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-2 concentration (P < 0.01) and a significant increment (P < 0.05) in IL-2/IL-6 ratio, and a significant increase in total antioxidant status level and a significant decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level. However, these effects were not observed in the obese group.
CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that blood lipid lowering and immune and antioxidant improving response for spirulina supplement was affected by obesity in Korean elderly.
Keywords: BMI; antioxidant effect; dyslipidemia; immunity; spirulina
References
- Clin Chem. 1972 Jun;18(6):499-502 - PubMed
- Vaccine. 2015 Aug 26;33(36):4422-9 - PubMed
- Nutrients. 2011 Jul;3(7):712-24 - PubMed
- Methods Enzymol. 1984;105:328-31 - PubMed
- Pediatrics. 1988 Sep;82(3):309-18 - PubMed
- Amino Acids. 2011 Jul;41(2):507-15 - PubMed
- Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Mar 1;23(3):434-9 - PubMed
- J Nutr. 2002 Dec;132(12 ):3772-81 - PubMed
- Int J Toxicol. 2013 Sep-Oct;32(5):376-84 - PubMed
- Geriatrics. 1989 Aug;44 Suppl A:7-10 - PubMed
- Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;52(4):322-8 - PubMed
- J Complement Integr Med. 2012 Aug 10;9:Article 17 - PubMed
- Pharm Biol. 2016 Aug;54(8):1345-53 - PubMed
- Int J Biol Macromol. 2015 Mar;74:498-506 - PubMed
- Clin Nutr. 2016 Aug;35(4):842-51 - PubMed
- Lipids Health Dis. 2011 May 15;10:77 - PubMed
- Nat Med. 2012 Mar 06;18(3):363-74 - PubMed
- Arch Med Sci. 2014 May 12;10(2):336-44 - PubMed
- Nutr Metab (Lond). 2014 Oct 08;11(1):49 - PubMed
- Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009 Jun;11(6):1373-414 - PubMed
- J Nutrit Health Food Sci. 2014;1(1):null - PubMed
- J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Sep;99(9):3435-43 - PubMed
- Phytother Res. 2013 Dec;27(12):1883-8 - PubMed
- Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Nov;21(11):2377-86 - PubMed
- BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Dec 06;14:470 - PubMed
- J Infect Dis. 2012 Jan 15;205(2):252-61 - PubMed
- Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015 Sep;17 Suppl 1:84-9 - PubMed
- Mech Ageing Dev. 1985 Nov;32(2-3):213-26 - PubMed
- J Clin Invest. 2009 Mar;119(3):573-81 - PubMed
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2006 Dec 5;6(12):1808-14 - PubMed
- Lipids Health Dis. 2007 Nov 26;6:33 - PubMed
- Front Immunol. 2015 Feb 24;6:76 - PubMed
- J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2011;57(2):186-91 - PubMed
- JAMA. 1985 Dec 13;254(22):3187-9 - PubMed
- Biodegradation. 2010 Jul;21(4):637-44 - PubMed
- Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Feb;14(2):319-26 - PubMed
Publication Types